网络犯罪及其心理特征

网络犯罪作为现代高技术犯罪的一种,正以传统型犯罪无法比拟的方式和速度恶性膨胀,对社会生活危害极大.网络犯罪有高智能性和隐蔽性等特点,网络犯罪心理的诱因主要有自负心理和放纵心理.应依法治网,堵疏并举,促进网络健康发展.     

Neighborhood responses to disorder and local attachments: The systemic model of attachment,social disorganization,and neighborhood use value

This paper investigates neighborhood-level connections between ecological structure, responses to disorder, and local attachment and social involvement. We develop predictions integrating the systemic model of community attachment, neighborhood use value, and the social disorganization perspective. The systemic model predicts neighborhood stability will deepen attachment and local involvement; the social disorganization perspective anticipates effects of stability on responses to disorder; and neighborhood use value suggests effects of status, racial composition, and problems such as crime and deterioration on attachment. We further propose, building on earlier work, that attachment may influence responses to disorder, or vice versa. Data include resident surveys, census information, on-site assessments, and crime rates from 66 randomly selected Baltimore, Maryland, neighborhoods. In support, respectively, of the systemic and neighborhood use value models, we find strong impacts of stability and class on neighborhood attachment/involvement. Neighborhood fear and perceived informal social control depend upon emotional investment and social integration. We see no overall impacts of deterioration on responses to disorder, calling into question some key aspects of the incivilities thesis. Earlier investigations of deterioration and responses to disorder that excluded person-place transactions may have been misspecified. Results underscore the strong relationship between person-environment transactions and responses to disorder. Asking how to encourage citizens to resist disorder is questioning, in part, how to increase the bonds residents have with the locale and with one another. Portions of an earlier version of this paper were presented at the annual meetings of the American Sociological Association, Los Angeles, August 1994.     

论网络犯罪及其立法制裁

日益增长的网络犯罪引起各国的警觉,使得网络犯罪法律制裁成为各国立法的焦点之一。在我国,建立比较完善的涉及民事、刑事等实体法律规范的网络立法也至关重要。我国现行的网络法规多属行政性、程序性法规,现行刑法对计算机信息系统犯罪的简单规定也难以覆盖网络犯罪的整体。为杜绝网络犯罪,发达国家和发展中国家、政府、企业和社会团体必须携手共进,共同寻求信息安全的法律框架模式。     

刑法应增设拒证罪

拒证行为从理论上讲是违背法律义务的行为 ,从实践上讲是具有严重的社会危害性的行为。义务与责任相统一的法学原理说明设立拒证罪是适法的 ,犯罪的本质特征表明设立拒证罪是合理的 ,适法性与合理性构成设立拒证罪的法理依据 ;拒证行为的社会危害性说明设立拒证罪是必要的 ,外国拒证犯罪的立法例及我国相关证据犯罪的立法 ,说明增设拒证罪是可能的 ,必要性与可能性构成设立拒证罪的现实依据。刑法应增设拒证罪 ,但增设该罪的主要目的是发挥刑法的评价功能 :为证人提供一个绕行于因拒证可能承受刑罚的行为规范。     

元代反赃贿法述论

本文揭示了元代反赃贿法产生和发展的过程 ,并将这一过程分为雏型期、初步确立期、确立与调整期、补充与完善期 ,分类探讨了反赃贿法在各时期的主要内容。     

对挪用公款罪法律适用中疑难问题的分析

挪用公款罪是一种多发的职务犯罪,在定罪量刑的法律适用中一直存在一些亟待解决的问题:如何计算多次挪用公款的数额,如何认定挪用公款进行营利活动,如何认定挪用公款罪的共同犯罪。在司法实践中,笔者认为,多次挪用公款的数额应从挪用人进行非法活动、营利活动还是一般活动的性质来计算和认定;营利活动应从挪用公款的用途来认定;共同犯罪应从挪用人的主体身体予以认定。     

论假冒专利罪的客观要件

准确适用假冒专利罪的法律规定,有赖于正确理解假冒专利罪的客观要件。界定假冒专利罪的客体时,不应忽视该罪对消费者合法权利的保护。假冒专利罪只有一种客观表现形式,即他人有效的专利进行假冒且情节严重的行为。未经专利权人同意,实施其专利的行为以及以非专利产品或者方法冒充专利产品或者方法的行为,应排除在犯罪之外。     

The production of "criminals" in Finland in the 1980s

The article describes from the constructionist starting-point the quantitative development of people sentenced to prison for the first time in the 1980s in Finland. The reasons for and consequences of this development are also examined. The data consist of a register that covers all the decisions given by the Finnish lower courts of justice for the period 1977–1991. The basic observation is that the number of Finnish people defined for the first time as "criminals" decreased by about 20% in the 1980s. However, at the same time the penal system has increased its efficiency: the number of registered crimes and sentences has grown considerably. This has led to a more rapid circulation of "criminals" between prison and the outside. At the same time, the death rate of those labeled as criminals has increased in all age groups, which indicates the growing marginalization of that diminishing group.     

论政府审计在预防职务犯罪中的作用

政府审计作为国家财政经济的综合监督部门,与预防职务犯罪工作存在着内在的联系。通过审计,可以保证财经法规和廉政制度的贯彻执行;可以促进部门单位加强内部管理,完善制度机制,从而铲除腐败现象和职务犯罪孽生的土壤和条件;可以有效破除侥幸心理,震慑职务犯罪。充分发挥政府审计在预防职务犯罪工作中的作用,首先必须改进审计方法,提高审计质量;其次要加强与有关部门的协调配合,形成工作合力,扩大预防效果。     

虚假支付令案件的司法规制

中国民事诉讼法中规定的督促程序,由于程序构造上的严重缺陷,使其在司法实践中脱离了立法目的,往往被一些当事人所利用,达到迅速转移财产、逃避债务的目的。要使这一程序真正发挥快速解决纠纷的目的,必须修改相关法律规定,构建科学合理的审查程序和救济程序,建立案外人的权利保护机制。