Measuring Social Cohesion: An Experiment using the Canadian National Survey of Giving,Volunteering, and Participating

Social cohesion is a concept difficult to define and to measure. As there can be many definitions, so there can be many measurements. The main problem, either in defining or measuring the concept, is its multilevel and multidimensional nature. At one extreme, country is the most commonly used level to view social cohesion but measurement at this level is of little use for any interventions. At the other extreme, community is the most useful level but it is a social construct for which data are difficult to get, given the administrative boundaries used in social surveys. As an initial attempt to measure social cohesion at a subcountry level, this study focuses on census metropolitan areas for which data on several dimensions of social cohesion are available. We use the information gathered by the National Survey on Giving, Volunteering and Participating (NSGVP) on three dimensions of social cohesion: political (voting and volunteering), economic (occupation, income, labour force participation) and social (social interactions, informal volunteering). Using statistical techniques including factor analysis and standardization, we create an overall index of social cohesion for each CMA. We point out use of this measure for further analysis of social dynamics.     

Social Networks and Individual Perceptions: Explaining Differential Participation in Social Movements

This paper seeks to explain differential participation in social movements. It does so by attempting to bridge structural-level and individual-level explanations. We test a number of hypotheses drawn from the social networks and the rationalist perspectives on individual engagement by means of survey data on members of a major organization of the Swiss solidarity movement. Both perspectives find empirical support: the intensity of participation depends both on the embeddedness in social networks and on the individual perceptions of participation, that is, the evaluation of a number of cognitive parameters related to engagement. In particular, to be recruited by an activist and the perceived effectiveness of one's own potential contribution are the best predictors of differential participation. We specify the role of networks for social movements by looking at the nature and content of networks and by distinguishing between three basic functions of networks: structurally connecting prospective participants to an opportunity to participate, socializing them to a protest issue, and shaping their decision to become involved. The latter function implies that the embeddedness in social networks significantly affects the individual perceptions of participation.     

多维空间中一类带边值问题的二阶弱退化抛物方程

研究了第一边值问题的弱退化抛物方程 u t=ΔA(u) B(u) .通过抛物正则化方法构造逼近解 ,在 BV空间中证明了整体广义解的存在性和唯一性 .     

微生物代谢过程中的一类差分方程正解的渐近性

研究描述微生物代谢过程中虫口变化规律的一类差分方程 ,获得了保证其每一正解趋于正平衡点的一族充分条件 ,改进和推广了已有的结果 .     

An alternative approach to multivariate EWMA control chart

This Paper proposes a multivariate EWMA scheme that is alternative to the traditional EWMA-M. The distribution of the chart statistic is derived from Box quadratic form and the sensitivity of the chart is examined. The average run lengths of the M-EWMA scheme are numerically computed with the integral equation method. The exponential weight of 0.2 is found to be the optimal choice for the sensitive chart to detect assignable causes in the mean vector of processes.     

浅谈问题繁殖和知识增长

本文受文献［４］ 的启发，在文献［５］ 的基础上，根据科学问题的“雪崩”式繁殖与原子反应堆中核裂变时中子扩散过程之间的类比，引用物质扩散方程导出了科学问题增长方程，统一说明了普赖斯曲线和逻辑斯蒂曲线的数学表达式，并阐明普赖斯———纳林莫夫曲线数学表达式中角变量的本质．表明角变量是反映社会影响作用的，在一定程度上，指数增长律的背景曲线上的波动现象可由此解释．     

集值映象迭合度及对微分包含的应用

应用集值映象的 Leray-Schauder 度建立了集值映象的迭合度。作为应用,讨论了一类微分包含 m-点边值问题的可解性,这是对 Gupta 等人工作的完善和发展。     

新型同轴慢波结构特性的研究

为了克服因增加返波管功率容量而引起的模式竞争问题,提出了波纹内导体同轴慢波结构,导出了该结构在冷腔时的TM0n模式色散方程,并数值计算和分析了该结构的色散特性。分析结果表明:采用该结构的返波管能够很好地改善模式竞争。     

职业分割及其对性别工资差异的影响——基于2002年中国城镇调查队数据

文章采用2002年城调队的数据,分析表明城镇居民的性别工资差异约为31％.采用Brown分解方法,该方法考虑了职业分割对性别工资差异的影响.研究表明,性别工资差异不可解释的部分高达72％,其中职业内不可解释的部分占了绝大部分,经济学家通常将不可解释的部分归为歧视作用;剩余28％的差异是由自身特征差异引起的.这表明要有效缩小性别工资差异,不仅要采取措施提高妇女人力资本存量,而且还要采取一系列政策消除市场歧视,保障和提高妇女的就业地位.     

Optimal stopping for Brownian motion with applications to sequential analysis and option pricing

Herman Chernoff made fundamental contributions to analytical and computational methods for solving optimal stopping problems for Brownian motion. He also showed how these optimal stopping problems are closely related to some basic problems in sequential analysis and singular stochastic control. This paper gives a survey of these and related developments and describes some recent applications to option valuation in financial economics.