论宏观经济政策的时间不一致性

本文从动态的视角分析了我国近年来的宏观经济政策,探讨了我国投资政策、货币政策和财政政策的时间不一致性问题,并提出协调经济体制改革措施、灵活运用货币政策和强化财政职能等对策性建议,以解决宏观经济政策时间不一致性问题。     

Impact of Caregiver-Receiver Relationship Quality on Burden and Satisfaction

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this study was to investigate, through an interview process, both the burden and satisfaction of the caregiving relationship between female primary caregivers and female care-receivers living in the same home. The ten cases were families involved in a caregiver/care-receiver shared-residence situation of at least one year's duration. The primary method of data collection was semi-structured interviews.

The results of the qualitative approach called for a reversal of perspective. The intent was to examine how burden and satisfaction impacted the caregiver-receiver relationship quality. However, it was the quality of the relationship between the caregiver and care-receiver which distinguished low burden and high satisfaction.     

中国货币财政政策有效性的比较检验

货币政策和财政政策是政府干预宏观经济最重要、使用最频繁的两大工具。改革开放以来,我国政府综合运用货币政策和财政政策调控经济运行,促进经济增长。为检验中国1978～2006年间经济增长中货币政策和财政政策有效性的差异性特征,应用脉冲响应函数研究它们之间的动态特性后发现:无论是短期还是长期,积极货币政策对于经济增长均有正效应,而积极财政政策仅在短期内有效,长期内呈现负效应且随时间推移逐渐显著。积极财政政策长期失效的原因有多方面,主要是财政支出的供给范围不合理和支出管理失控产生的效率损失。     

我国房地产税税率水平的合理确定与实证检验

房地产税税率水平的合理确定是房地产税税率设计的关键。地方财政支出规模、纳税人负担能力、中央政府对税率的限制以及成本——收益的约束等因素对房地产税税率水平的高低起着决定性作用。本文在借鉴国际经验的基础上,结合我国的实际情况,以满足地方政府财政支出需求和不增加纳税人的税收负担为出发点,运用规范分析、逻辑推理和实证检验等基本研究方法,得出了我国房地产税税率水平适用的合理范围。     

财政分权对经济增长的作用机制:理论探讨与实证分析

通过对财政分权有关文献的回顾,从理论上探讨了财政分权作用于经济增长的机制,提出了资源配置机制和制度环境机制这两大作用机制。随后,以中国1982年~2000年间的数据为基础,进行了实证检验。检验结果表明,改革开放以来,财政分权总体上对中国经济增长产生负的影响,但自分税制改革以后,财政分权对经济增长具有正的效应。     

Economic burden of tuberculosis and its coping mechanism at the household level in Pakistan

Despite the availability of free medicines under the Directly Observed Treatment Short-course (DOTS) strategy, the treatment of tuberculosis (TB) still involves high costs that push people into poverty. This study aims to assess the resulting economic burden of TB and examine the coping mechanisms practiced at the household level in Pakistan. A cross-sectional study was conducted at TB centers by interviewing 269 patients. Statistical tests and binary logistic regression were used to explore the relationship between catastrophic health expenditures (CHE) and socio-economic factors. Results show that the incidence and intensity of CHE were higher for households in the lower income-quintile. Several coping strategies were practiced and varied among the different income-quintiles. The independent determinants of CHE were as follows: age >40 years, male-patient, location, earner-ratio, patient as the earner, caretaker visits, treatment delay, and co-morbidity. It is recommended that health policymakers develop post-MDGs TB-control strategies to ensure free TB-services with financial protection around the globe.     

Revisiting the effectiveness of the employment‐oriented welfare state: Considering the quality of employment achievement

The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of an employment‐oriented welfare state. While previous studies have focused on employment growth, this study considers the quality of employment, especially its mediating impact between public social expenditure and fiscal soundness. Three‐step mediated regression analysis was conducted on a data sample from 19 developed countries from 1991 to 2013. The results show that while public social expenditure negatively affects fiscal soundness, if it promotes total and part‐time employment, it can positively affect fiscal soundness. However, when the incidence of involuntary part‐time employment is high, public social expenditure and its impact on employment performance no longer guarantee fiscal soundness. This study addresses the importance of promoting not only employment growth but also employment quality to secure fiscal soundness.     

The Effects of Nursing Home Placement on the Perceived Levels of Caregiver Burden

Providing care for an aging parent can be one of the most fulfilling life experiences for an adult child. It can also be one of the most exhausting physically, emotionally, and financially. A caregiver experiences psychological and emotional changes when their dependent parent or spouse is placed into formal care. This research project uses the Montgomery Borgatta Caregiver Burden Scale, amended with a questionnaire, in a self-administered, anonymous survey to explore perceptions of caregiving burden before and after the nursing home placement periods. This research showed that numerous factors influence caregivers' perceptions of burden and the quality of relationships among family members.     

民事诉讼证明责任与证明标准关系新探

证明要求是证明标准的逻辑前提,证明标准是法官在诉讼证明过程中衡量证明活动是否已达到证明要求的尺度。证明标准应当是法定的。司法实践中证明责任与证明标准紧密相连,作用上互动,功能上趋同。证明标准的构建应当坚持法律真实的证明要求,坚持主客观的统一,坚持证明标准的多元化。