中国需求管理政策研究

介绍需求管理政策内涵,总结中国需求管理政策的特点,设计评价需求管理政策效果的三个指标,即财政政策效果系数、货币政策效果系数和需求管理政策效果系数,依据这些指标作出中国需求管理政策效果越来越差的判断。根据财政政策乘数和货币政策乘数明确影响需求管理政策效果的因素并分析这些因素对需求管理政策效果的影响,最后提出新常态下中国需求管理政策的改进意见。     

Grieving the Loss of a Pet Needs the Health System Recognition

Globally there is increased presence of pets in the households. This non-human relationship, with its dimensions of physical and emotional bonds, can get severely jolted on the death of the companion animal. It sets a feeling, ‘our life is now left with a void and the house feels utterly empty’. Unlike the loss of a child, spouse or parent which become a shared tragedy; others may not understand the depth of sadness and a sense of void in a grieving pet owner. Emotional pain and physical distress due to the loss of a companion animal are likely to be pronounced. A big challenge for the medical community is to anticipate, identify and address physical and psychosocial symptom burdens in a timely manner.     

Alzheimer's Disease Caregiver Burden: Does Resilience Matter?

Caring for an individual with Alzheimer's disease is at times challenging and can lead to caregiver burden. Resilience is a personality characteristic that has emerged as a protective factor among aging individuals. This study was conducted to examine the moderating effect of resilience between caregiver stressors and caregiver burden. The results indicate that resilience was not identified as a moderator between stressors and caregiver burden; however, a relationship exists between resilience and caregiver burden. Specifically, as resilience in Alzheimer's disease caregivers increases, their caregiver burden decreases. These findings highlight the importance of supportive interventions that will increase resilience in Alzheimer's disease caregivers.     

The Role of Automatic Stabilizers in the U.S. Business Cycle

Most countries have automatic rules in their tax‐and‐transfer systems that are partly intended to stabilize economic fluctuations. This paper measures their effect on the dynamics of the business cycle. We put forward a model that merges the standard incomplete‐markets model of consumption and inequality with the new Keynesian model of nominal rigidities and business cycles, and that includes most of the main potential stabilizers in the U.S. data and the theoretical channels by which they may work. We find that the conventional argument that stabilizing disposable income will stabilize aggregate demand plays a negligible role in the dynamics of the business cycle, whereas tax‐and‐transfer programs that affect inequality and social insurance can have a larger effect on aggregate volatility. However, as currently designed, the set of stabilizers in place in the United States has had little effect on the volatility of aggregate output fluctuations or on their welfare costs despite stabilizing aggregate consumption. The stabilizers have a more important role when monetary policy is constrained by the zero lower bound, and they affect welfare significantly through the provision of social insurance.     

中国地方政府公共安全财政支出效率研究--基于DEA-Tobit的二阶段分析

中国社会风险的增加导致政府公共安全财政支出规模扩大。基于我国30个省份地方政府的截面数据,采用DEA-Tobit的二阶段分析法对公共安全财政支出的效率及其影响因素进行分析,结果显示我国地方政府公共安全财政支出的技术效率和规模效率有待提高,并受到了区域环境和人均GDP经济水平的影响,对此提出相关政策建议。     

农村基础养老金调整与财政负担水平研究

农村制度的建立和运行对解决农村居民养老问题起到了积极作用,但还存在着诸如基础养老金缺乏动态调整机制、中央财政负担水平不适度等问题,制约了养老保险制度的发展与完善。以CPI及农民人均纯收入增长率为假设条件,构建农村基础养老金动态调整机制,得到了动态调整后的农村基础养老金规模,并测算了中央财政的实际负担水平。通过设计农村中央财政适度负担水平模型,测算出中央财政理论适度负担水平,将其与实际负担水平进行比较,得出中央财政完全能够承担调整后基础养老金支付责任。     

地区行政垄断与污染红利——基于省级面板数据的实证分析

文章就地区性行政垄断对污染红利的影响进行了分析,得到了以下研究结论。首先,回归结果显示：行政垄断程度的增加会导致污染红利增加。其次,行政垄断还会通过财政收入、收入差距与投资而引致污染红利增加。文章的研究结论表明,为了促进我国经济可持续发展,我们一方面应加强对地方政府行政能力的监督,另一方面应减少地方政府所拥有的经济性权利,以减小地区行政垄断对环境质量所产生的负面影响。     

证据法视角下的夫妻共同债务推定规则

从证据法角度来看,现行夫妻共同债务推定规则实践效果不佳的根本原因在于该推定规则除外情形限缩不当和推定效力过高。与此相适应,现行夫妻共同债务推定的完善方案也必须将扩展除外情形方案和减轻举证责任方案结合起来,即一方面扩展除外情形,至少应增加"该举债没有经过举债方配偶事前同意并且没有用于夫妻共同生活"这一应当认定为举债方个人债务的情形;另一方面,应减轻举证责任,即将现行的夫妻共同债务推定由转移客观证明责任的推定改为强制性仅转移主观证明责任的推定。     

收入分配改革视角下财税法治的发展路径

当前我国收入分配不公问题异常突出,贫富差距扩大化趋势日益严峻,它已成为关系国家稳定和社会和谐的重大问题。收入分配改革具有必要性和紧迫性,财税法治是收入分配改革的关键性要素,但财税法治调控仍存有非体系化和非规范化的困境与难题。收入分配改革的手段应从主要依靠财税政策向主要依靠财税法律转变,逐步构建健全的财税法治路径。     

财政支出法建构:一个文献综述

财政支出广泛介入现代社会生活,具有明显的公共性与权力性,因而需要由法律加以规定。在有关支出的法律谱系中,预算法关注财政支出的决策,财政支出法规范财政支出的实施。鉴于实施中的广泛裁量空间,财政支出法不应被视为仅有工具价值的行政手续,而应成为具有内在价值的财政过程。财政支出法赋予的程序理性和预算提供的实质理性,共同构成支出的正当性基础。因此,财政支出法制度建构的关键在于通过理性的程序设计来减少恣意,具体表现为以参与性为核心、以公开性为前提、以救济性为保障。我国的财政支出法较不完善,演进动力也不充分,较为现实的路径是先制定统一程序的行政法规,或"借力"在《行政程序法》中设立专章,条件成熟后再择机制定《财政支出法》。