积极财政政策的退出与稳健财政政策的实施

多年来,我国综合国内外经济形势,实施了积极财政政策,扩大了内需,刺激了消费,在促进国民经济持续快速稳定增长方面发挥了巨大的作用。但另一方面也加大了政府的财政风险,导致了某些行业和局部的经济发展过热,从而严重地妨碍了市场化进程。根据我国宏观经济形势的发展变化和巩固宏观调控成果的要求,必须让积极财政政策退位,转而实施稳健财政政策,并把握好“控制赤字、调整结构、推进改革、增收节支”的方针。     

基于空间计量模型的地区财政教育支出对经济增长影响研究简

为研究我国地区财政教育支出对经济增长的影响,利用我国地区财政教育支出额和地区生产总值数据构建空间计量模型分析框架,并与传统计量回归模型结果进行了对比.采用Anselin开发的GeoDa软件制作了相关数据的空间四分位表,在此基础上,计算空间权重矩阵和全局Moran指数,通过检验证明,地区经济发展确实存在空间依赖,适于构建空间计量模型,模型的估计与栓验证明地区财政教育支出对经济增长的影响是显著的,其拟合结果优于传统计量回归模型.     

“营业税改增值税”对地方财政收入的影响分析——以河南省为例

根据我国"十二五"规划,增值税改革将是我国未来五年税制改革的重要任务之一。2013年8月,河南省也加入"营改增"改革行列,根据对河南省2013—2016年扩围行业增值税收入的预测,发现扩围行业会对地方财政收入造成不小的冲击。因此,分析可能影响河南省财政收入变化的因素,从而提出可行的建议,对于合理把握地方财政收入规模,推进地方财政收入持续、稳定、健康发展,意义重大。     

论后悔权中商品完好要件的证明责任

对于后悔权中商品完好要件的客观证明责任,基于大陆、英美法系学理的分析无法得出明确结论;基于我国的现行法律研究得出的结论,由于其理论基础与《中华人民共和国消费者权益保护法》的立法趣旨相悖而有失妥当;从后悔权的趣旨和法经济学出发,应由经营者承担。对于主观证明责任,证明活动参与方应积极协同;同时充分利用表见证明、证明妨碍、主观具体证明责任转换等理论,推动证明活动呈近似正弦曲线的轨迹展开。由于经营者反驳后悔权的理由各异,有必要运用类型化分析方法展开不同理由下的证明活动。     

Sense of Need for Financial Support and Respite Services among Informal Caregivers of Older Americans

ABSTRACT

Financial support and respite services are two of the most frequently reported types of help that caregivers of older adults need. Using an expanded health behavioral model, this study examined the effects of predisposing, enabling, and needs factors on caregivers' sense of need for these two types help. Data were drawn from the 1999 National Long-Term Care Survey and included 1,058 caregiving dyads in the community. The results indicated that caregiver-related factors more than care recipient–related factors affected caregivers' sense of need to seek both types of help. The findings direct to two important implications for long-term care policy for and practice with older adults: improvement of service for caregivers and service delivery systems.     

Effect of Pediatric Influenza on Caregivers’ Burden—A Literature Review

Influenza, or the flu, is a common and potentially serious infection that disproportionally affects children with more than 20,000 yearly hospitalizations in children under the age of 5. A literature review of the caregiver burden associated with pediatric influenza was conducted. Two main types of burdens were identified: economic and noneconomic. Flu treatment costs $3,990 for pediatric inpatients services and $730 for emergency department (ED) pediatric patients. Caregivers may also face out-of-pocket costs ($178 for inpatients, $125 for ED patients, and $52 for outpatients) or those not covered by health insurance. Caregivers can also face indirect costs while caring for their children with the flu. Indirect costs were common, and 75% of pediatric caregivers reported these costs when caring for a sick child. Missed work is the most common indirect cost and is estimated as high as 73 work hours ($1,456) missed while caring for a sick child. Other costs associated with pediatric influenza included noneconomic burden: sudden changes in daily life, loss of leisure time, social disruption, and psychological impact or stress. Noneconomic burdens were also found to be significant and lowered the quality of life of caregivers even after the child’s illness. Socioeconomic status is an important predictor of influenza rates. Residents in high-poverty areas are three times more likely to have hospitalizations due to pediatric influenza than those in low-poverty areas. From the literature it is evident that pediatric influenza has demonstrated a considerable impact on caregivers’ lives both financially and in other aspects.     

银屑病与湿疹患者生活质量和经济负担的比较

目的:比较银屑病和湿疹患者的一般情况、生活质量和疾病经济负担。方法:采用现况调查的方法,联合应用自行设计的患者一般情况调查表、SF-36和Skindex-29量表,对2011年6月～2012年3月在中国医学科学院皮肤病医院就诊的门诊和住院198例银屑病患者,和同时期在同医院就诊的117例湿疹患者进行问卷调查。结果:①共回收313份有效问卷,其中银屑病196例,男女比例为1.88∶1,湿疹117例,男女比例为1.25∶1,对吸烟、酗酒、睡眠影响、饮食受限、自杀倾向等社会行为进行比较,发现银屑病患者在吸烟、睡眠影响、自杀倾向的比例均高于湿疹患者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。②应用SF-36量表和Skindex-29量表比较银屑病和湿疹患者的生活质量,发现银屑病患者生活质量比湿疹患者低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。③银屑病的直接经济负担和间接经济负担都较湿疹严重。结论:银屑病和湿疹的一般情况与以前的研究结果类似,但在吸烟、自杀倾向等社会行为方面银屑病的比例显著高于湿疹患者。虽然同为皮肤病,但银屑病患者的生活质量比湿疹患者低很多,提示卫生工作者在银屑病的诊断治疗过程中应重视生活质量对患者的影响。银屑病患者的直接经济负担和间接经济负担都较湿疹患者严重,相关卫生决策部门应对银屑病患者的经济负担给予足够的关注。     

Do male and female gamblers have the same burden of adversity over their life course?

The objective of this research is to investigate gender difference and the burden of adversity during the life course of people who develop gambling problems. A sample of 86 adult participants met the criteria for at-risk problem gambling over the last 5 years. Data were obtained from informants during semi-structured face-to-face interviews, using SCID I and II, SOGS, Module K and a recount of life trajectories methodology. The results showed a high level of adversity throughout the life trajectories of the men and women studied. The results indicated that the major load of mental health disorders, the presence of anxiety disorders and co-morbid mental health disorders are more significant among women. Results also indicated a significant presence of violence in the lives of both men and women during early childhood and adolescence. During adulthood, women are more likely to be victims of intimate partner or marital violence whereas men tended to cumulate difficulties in social fields and especially in their professional lives. This significant burden of adversity creates a number of difficulties which makes it complicated to isolate gambling activities. Clinicians might have difficulty detecting female gamblers during consultation, especially when they present with co-morbid mental health disorders and violence issues.     

推出市政债券为新型城镇化建设融资

新型城镇化建设的融资需求已引起各方主体的高度重视,探索推出市政债券是其中一个重要举措。为此,当前应加快立法,加强法制建设,健全法律法规体系,完善相关法律制度;规范地方政府举债行为,强化对地方政府举债的市场约束,构建多元化的城镇化建设融资体系,建立可持续的城镇化建设融资机制;严格执行财经纪律,构建地方政府的财政信用,强化地方财政预算约束,提高地方财政预算执行的透明度;完善信用风险管理制度,加强信用风险管理,有效防范和控制市政债券的信用风险;制定市政债券投资的税收优惠政策,增强对投资者的吸引力,发展壮大投资者队伍。     

Social Support,Caregiver Burden,and Life Satisfaction in a Sample of Rural African American and White Caregivers of Older Persons With Dementia

This article reports the findings of a study of African American and White dementia caregivers (n = 141) living in rural areas of Alabama that examined the relations between the participants' receipt of informal social support, and their levels of caregiver burden and life satisfaction. The sample, as a whole, reported high levels of social support with no reported differences in social support by race. Female caregivers reported higher mean scores on 3 of the 4 dimensions of social support than their male counterparts. Two of the 4 dimensions of social support accounted for 32% of the variance of the caregivers' reported level of life satisfaction.