Investment model predictions of workplace ostracism on K–12 teachers’ commitment to their schools and the profession of teaching

The purpose of this study was to determine how the ostracism of K-12 teachers influences their commitment to their schools and commitment to the teaching profession. The investment model was used to situate ostracism as a predictor of teacher commitment. Participants were 200 full-time K-12 teachers who completed a survey assessing their experiences with ostracism at work and investment model variables (i.e., investments, quality of alternatives, satisfaction, and commitment). Results confirmed investment model predictions with teachers’ investments, quality of alternatives, and satisfaction predicting their commitment to their schools and profession. Results of mediation models also demonstrated that controlling for teachers’ investments and quality of alternatives, ostracism predicted commitment indirectly through its effect on satisfaction. This study revealed that teacher commitment is explained by investment model predictions, but after controlling for those predictions, is further explained by ostracism from teacher colleagues.     

SROI in the pay for success context: Are they at odds?

The Pay For Success (PFS) and Social Impact Bond (SIB) movements to date have focused heavily on shorter-term outcomes that can be monetized and show clear savings to government entities. In part, this focus derives from the need to specify contract payments based on a narrow set of well measured outcomes (e.g., avoided days in jail and foster care, decreased use of behavioral health services). Meanwhile efforts to measure the social return on investment (SROI) of interventions have sought to expand the view of relevant outcomes to include domains that lend themselves less clearly to monetization. This paper explores the intersection between these two movements with illustrations from a SIB initiative underway focused on homeless families with children in foster care. Challenges and potential for SROI in a third-party payor environment will be discussed as well as opportunities to better leverage the strengths of both types of initiative.     

新形势下上海引进外资问题研究

基于新形势下上海引进外资出现的新情况、新问题,通过对上海投资环境、定位和区位的具体分析,建立上海吸引高端外资的系统框架,并提出上海在市场开放方面,应扩大外资进入领域,鼓励外资投向"上海制造"、"上海服务"、"上海创造"的高端产业,依次引导外资的产业结构升级;在投资环境方面,应建立统一和可预见的法制环境,完善社会信用制度,以此维护市场的竞争秩序;在市场准入方面,应放宽行业限制,不断调整和优化利用外资结构。     

风险投资支撑环境的作用机理分析

风险投资支撑环境主要包括经济、文化、科技、金融、人才、社会中介服务、法律法规和政策等八个支撑要素。由于各要素演进发展的规律不同,风险投资支撑环境分为"诱致性"和"强制性"两类。诱致性支撑环境是强制性支撑环境存在和发展的基础和前提;强制性支撑环境完善了诱致性支撑环境,为诱致性支撑环境的发展提供了保证。各诱致性支撑环境中的经济、文化、科技、金融和人才要素与强制性支撑环境中的社会中介服务、法律法规和政策要素之间存在着相互作用和制约关系。通过对风险投资支撑环境作用机理的分析,使我们在认识和培育我国风险投资的支撑环境方面得到了一些启示。     

对我国创业投资业发展的新思考

发展创业投资业是一项复杂的系统工程,既需要经济理论工作者在对我国创业投资业发展的现状进行深入调查与分析的基础上,归纳出存在的主要问题,探求出解决的方法,设计出适合中国国情的创业投资业规范化发展的思路,为主管部门和实际工作者提供必要的决策依据,又需要实际工作者依据经济理论工作者建立在经济发展规律基础之上的理论,按照国家的统一方略,推动以技术产业为主导的产业结构的调整,促进创业企业的发展。因此,从理论上对我国创业投资业进行深入的调查研究并提出新的、切合我国国情的创业投资业发展思路,就成为经济理论工作者的一项十分艰巨的任务。     

黑龙江省"十五"期间招商引资总体情况与效益分析

通过统计资料,本文从总量结构、增长速度、内外资结构和地区结构四个方面对"十五"期间黑龙江省的招商引资工作进行了总体的情况和效益分析。在总量结构分析中,发现贸易总额增长但项目数量却变化不大;从增长速度看,各项指标都呈稳步上升态势,显示黑龙江省的招商引资工作处在高速增长阶段;从内资和外资结构看,内资在增长和比重上都优于外资;在对地区结构的分析中,发现总体上处于稳定增长态势,地区间则不均衡。最后,结合分析结论,进一步简要阐述了其政策意义。     

矿产资源资产化管理创新研究——以湖南省为例

改革开放以来,市场经济的发展迫切需要我国矿产资源管理体制进行改革和创新。借鉴矿产资源资产化管理的国际经验,创新性地提出湖南省矿产资源资产化管理的“321”模式：构建三级矿权,优化矿产资源产权安排;健全两级市场,优化矿产资源的配置机制;优化一级控管,完善矿产资源宏观调控和管理。希望能为湖南省及其他省市矿产资源管理体制的改革和创新提供参考借鉴。     

Macroeconomic asymmetry in the Eurozone before and after the Global Financial Crisis: An appraisal of the role of the ECB

The launch of the euro in 1999 was assumed to enhance macroeconomic convergence among EMU economies. We test this hypothesis from a comparative perspective, by calculating different indices to measure the degree of macroeconomic dispersion within the Eurozone, the UK and the USA (1999–2019). We use common factor models to produce a single index for each monetary area out of different measures of dispersion. These indices can be used to inform on the degree of optimality of a monetary area. Our results show that macroeconomic dispersion in the Eurozone increased notably even before 2007 and it took significantly longer to return to pre-crisis levels, as compared to the UK and the USA. The paper shows the critical role played by the ECB’s asset purchases programmes in reducing macroeconomic divergences among EMU member states since 2015.     

Public income transfers and wealth accumulation at the bottom: Within and between country differences in Canada and the United States

Both Canada and the United States are considered liberal welfare states, yet exhibit notable differences in income poverty attributed to social policy. While a more generous welfare system lifts many above income poverty, models of household financial behaviour suggest that more income from the state should displace private savings via a substitution effect. Using nationally representative wealth surveys from Canada and the US from 1998/1999 to 2016 we extend knowledge on the relationship between the welfare state and private wealth accumulation. Specifically, we study household asset poverty defined as financial asset levels that fall below three-month adjusted income poverty threshold. Asset poverty rates varied over time in the two countries and were higher in the less generous US welfare state. Further, income transfer share was positively related to asset poverty in Canada but not in the US. Counterfactual estimates offered evidence of the substitution effect in Canada, where higher levels of transfers may crowd out private asset accumulation. Results invite further consideration of the concept of asset poverty and its relationship to welfare state characteristics.