An exploration of attitudes toward female genital cutting in Nigeria

Female genital cutting (FGC) continues to be widespread particularly in sub-Saharan African countries. We use data from the 1999 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey to consider factors that influence attitudes toward this procedure held by Nigerian women aged 15–49. We test four models: model 1 explores whether attitudes are consistent with a view of FGC as a social convention associated with marriageability of women. Model 2 examines the impact of modernization factors such as education and urbanization. In model 3, the influence of media and community activities are considered. Model 4 includes all of the factors in the three previous models. We find strong support for considering FGC a social convention. Modernization has minimal impact on attitudes about FGC mainly through its influence on the social convention.

A Semidefinite Programming Approach to the Quadratic Knapsack Problem

In order to gain insight into the quality of semidefinite relaxations of constrained quadratic 0/1 programming problems we study the quadratic knapsack problem. We investigate several basic semidefinite relaxations of this problem and compare their strength in theory and in practice. Various possibilities to improve these basic relaxations by cutting planes are discussed. The cutting planes either arise from quadratic representations of linear inequalities or from linear inequalities in the quadratic model. In particular, a large family of combinatorial cuts is introduced for the linear formulation of the knapsack problem in quadratic space. Computational results on a small class of practical problems illustrate the quality of these relaxations and cutting planes.     

数控皮革裁床样片排版的二维扩展轮廓算法

针对数控皮革裁床在进行样片排版时,容易出现由于样片扩展轮廓错误而引起样片间隙过小,导致刀具过切的 问题,提出了一种新的算法,即将旋转法和直线过渡法结合以解决样片的扩展轮廓描述。用平移和旋转法将样片轮廓的 每个非光滑转接处的复杂情形简化为几类一般的情形,并把样片的二维扩展轮廓算法归纳为直线接直线、直线接圆弧、 圆弧接圆弧3大类。通过对各外扩图元之间的转接情况进行几何分析并对各转接点位置进行精确计算,以实现样片扩 展轮廓的正确描述。应用结果表明：该算法简单可靠,所得样片扩展轮廓准确无误。该算法具有很强的实用性。     

殷墟小屯南地甲骨中的截锯卜旬卜骨

殷墟小屯村南出土的截锯卜旬卜骨共有35例,从其行款、钻凿形态等方面看,其与村南的无一、无二类卜辞更接近,从其左、右肩胛骨上的字形、书风看,也与康丁时代的无一类、无二类卜辞一致。     

人类文化的多元未来——以少数民族剪纸为例

少数民族的剪纸是民族文化的表征.少数民族的剪纸艺术的原始与丰富,深沉与博约,形成了深厚的文化层.民间剪纸伴随着劳动人民的生活,从而成为当地民俗活动的重要组成部分.世界经济一体化,而文化却要多元化,少数民族剪纸不但以其珍贵的价值彪炳于世,并将衍生出新质的民族艺术之果.     

岳麓书院藏秦简始皇禁伐树木诏考异

秦始皇二十六年,统一事业刚刚完成,有很多重要的政务需要君臣协同处理,皇帝出巡,既无充足的时间,也乏充分的理由。更重要的是,秦始皇二十八年出巡时,曾下令伐木赭山以惩罚敢于兴风作浪的湘山之神湘君,如果禁伐树木诏发布于二十六年,二十八年以后将失去法律效力。岳麓书院藏秦简中的秦律令抄录于秦末,说明这条诏令直到此时仍然具有法律效力,也证明其发布时间应该在秦始皇二十九年的出巡期间。     

基于Matlab的细长轴车削振动因素研究

颤振是影响金属切削加工工件表面质量的主要因素,尤其车削细长轴工件时更容易发生切削颤振。文章基于横 向振动理论建立了细长轴车削过程的振动模型,并从力学及数值分析角度求解了切削力引起的工件振动响应;在Matlab 软件中通过仿真研究了切削用量和工件长径比的变化对工件振动响应的影响。设计了以背吃刀量、进给速度、主轴转速 及工件长径比为变量的四因素三水平正交车削实验,分析4个因素对工件切削力的影响。实验表明长径比、背吃刀量、进 给速度和转速对切削力的影响程度依次降低,实验结论验证了仿真结果的正确性,揭示了细长轴车削过程的动态特性。     

晋中剪纸纹样与现代书籍装帧设计的融合

剪纸纹样具有鲜明的中国地域性农耕文化的韵味,蕴涵着丰富的人文意趣,展现着独特的民间艺术魅力。其中,山西晋中地区民间剪纸艺术有着悠久的历史和独特的地域风格。通过分析山西剪纸纹样的平面化、意象性、装饰性,揭示晋中剪纸纹样符号的审美文化内涵,探究晋中剪纸纹样与书籍装帧设计的契合点,把传统的人文理念的剪纸纹样融进现代书籍装帧设计之中,为传统文化的继承和开拓新的艺术空间做初探性研究。     

Applying a fuzzy analytic network process to construct a purchase project. A case for the purchase of a slicing diamond cutting machine

In this paper we propose a fuzzy extension of the analytic network process (ANP) that uses uncertain human preferences as input information in the project evaluation of precision diamond cutting machines. The resulting fuzzy ANP enhances the potential of the ANP for dealing with imprecise and uncertain human comparison judgments. It allows for multiple representations of uncertain human preferences, as crisp, interval, and fuzzy judgments and can find a solution from incomplete sets of pair-wise comparisons. An important feature of the proposed method is that it measures the inconsistency of the uncertain human preferences by an appropriate consistency index. Simultaneously, process capability indices are presented to demonstrate and verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed methods. In the future, the proposal can provide the best way to control and calculate effective purchasing of diamond cutting machines for wafer slicing by project buyers. This purchasing project will save cost and ease the case of purchase.     

抗战时期陕甘宁边区的土地立法

抗战时期,陕甘宁边区政府颁布了一系列的土地法规,以贯彻和落实“减租减息”的土地政策,具有战时的特点,其立法体现了法律面前人人平等的原则,促进了边区经济的发展,稳定了社会秩序,巩固了抗日民族统一战线,为抗战的最终胜利奠定了坚实的基础。