Parental advice to preadolescent bystanders about how to intervene during bullying differs by form of bullying

The current study examined parental advice given to fourth‐ and fifth‐grade preadolescents who imagined being bystanders to different forms of bullying (physical, verbal, property attack, social manipulation, exclusion). We assessed the frequency with which parents advised youth to follow specific intervention strategies (stop the bully, help/comfort the victim, tell adults), and we tested whether the frequency by which parents provided each kind of advice varied by the form of bullying described. One hundred and six fourth‐ and fifth‐grade preadolescents completed an interaction in which their parent gave them advice about how to respond if they were bystanders to five hypothetical bullying situations. Each situation described a different form of bullying. Across forms of bullying, parents most frequently told bystander children to intervene by telling an adult. However, advice differed based on the form of bullying presented. Parents most frequently advised children to “tell an adult” in response to physical bullying or property attacks, most frequently advised children to “help/comfort victims” in response to social exclusion and physical attacks, and most frequently advised children to “stop the bully” in response to verbal and social manipulation bullying.     

从宗教学看壮族布洛陀信仰

壮族布洛陀信仰属于原生型巫教,可称为原生型民族民间宗教,它与壮族的生存与发展紧密联系在一起,是壮族特有的文化传统。布洛陀信仰的活动在社会批判运动连续不断的年代,曾一度销声匿迹。改革开放以来,由于宗教理论的改进和宗教政策的宽松,由于社会对民族文化(包括宗教文化)的重视和对民间信仰的关注,由于布洛陀信仰研究的开展,壮族地区布洛陀信仰开始了它的重建的过程。以广西田阳敢壮山为中心,壮族民众自发地恢复布洛陀祭祀和相应的文化活动,规模越来越大,并得到学者的理论支持和政府的理解。这种民族信仰重构现象,表现了壮族民族文化主体意识的增强和布洛陀信仰的旺盛生命力及其对新的时代的调适能力,如引导得当,会丰富中华民族多元一体的文化内涵,推动两个文明建设,充实壮族人民的文化生活。     

"三界"宇宙观与社会空间的建构——广西那坡县黑衣壮族群空间观念的研究

本文根据文化人类学社会空间建构理论对黑衣壮族群的空间观念加以分析,以民族志资料说明黑衣壮族群的宇宙观为社会成员对空间的划分和赋予意义的行为提供了认知基础,黑衣壮人通过房屋建筑的象征意义、空间方位的确定、生活空间和仪式场所的安排等途径表达出其族群文化中对空间概念的哲理思考。面对急剧的社会经济变迁,黑衣壮人传统的空间观念也在产生变化,体现出黑衣壮人对自身生存状态和文化变迁过程的反思。     

摩梭母系婚姻家庭形态研究的再思考

中国西南地区泸沽湖周围的摩梭人,至今仍保留着母系家庭与母系文化,这从一个重要方面展现了中华文化及人类社会文化的多样性.近年来,由于经济社会发展的不断加快,摩梭母系家庭数量已明显减少,余下的母系家庭也渐"空壳化".在摩梭母系文化面临解体之时,学术界应深入研究,为这一文化的保护提供参考.泸沽湖周边摩梭母系婚姻家庭的出现与长期延续,除与其居住地特殊自然、地理环境有关外,还与其族源有关.泸沽湖摩梭人的母系文化虽然有其特点,但应是川滇之间历史上曾存在的"母系文化带"的一部份.摩梭社会中出现母系、父系及双系家庭并存现象有着经济、政治、文化等多方面的原因,但双系家庭并非母系家庭与父系家庭间的过渡.摩梭母系文化的深入研究,还应注意与四川甘孜道孚县扎巴母系文化作比较,这样既可更多的更大范围的了解"母系文化带",也可加深对泸沽湖边摩梭母系文化特点的认识.     

Wavelet‐Based Testing for Serial Correlation of Unknown Form in Panel Models

Wavelet analysis is a new mathematical method developed as a unified field of science over the last decade or so. As a spatially adaptive analytic tool, wavelets are useful for capturing serial correlation where the spectrum has peaks or kinks, as can arise from persistent dependence, seasonality, and other kinds of periodicity. This paper proposes a new class of generally applicable wavelet‐based tests for serial correlation of unknown form in the estimated residuals of a panel regression model, where error components can be one‐way or two‐way, individual and time effects can be fixed or random, and regressors may contain lagged dependent variables or deterministic/stochastic trending variables. Our tests are applicable to unbalanced heterogenous panel data. They have a convenient null limit N(0,1) distribution. No formulation of an alternative model is required, and our tests are consistent against serial correlation of unknown form even in the presence of substantial inhomogeneity in serial correlation across individuals. This is in contrast to existing serial correlation tests for panel models, which ignore inhomogeneity in serial correlation across individuals by assuming a common alternative, and thus have no power against the alternatives where the average of serial correlations among individuals is close to zero. We propose and justify a data‐driven method to choose the smoothing parameter—the finest scale in wavelet spectral estimation, making the tests completely operational in practice. The data‐driven finest scale automatically converges to zero under the null hypothesis of no serial correlation and diverges to infinity as the sample size increases under the alternative, ensuring the consistency of our tests. Simulation shows that our tests perform well in small and finite samples relative to some existing tests.     

中国企业部门信用风险溢价期限结构与宏观经济因子

近年来，中国企业部门债务风险不断暴露，其是否会引发系统性信用危机正成为焦点。本文着眼于中国企业部门信用风险累积与暴露背后的宏观经济现实，在简约模型中引入结构向量自回归模型（SVAR），将经济冲击区分为总供给冲击、总需求冲击和货币政策冲击，以此研究各宏观经济因子对中国企业部门信用风险溢价期限结构的影响特征，从而揭示中国企业部门信用风险定价的宏观经济机理。本文发现，正向的总供给冲击和货币政策冲击有助于降低中国企业部门信用风险溢价，但正向的总需求冲击则会推高中国企业部门信用风险溢价，自2011年以来持续处于高位水平的信用风险溢价的主要根源正是4万亿经济刺激计划所带来的扩张性总需求，因此欲从根本上降低中国企业部门信用风险水平，应紧缩社会总需求，并通过制度改革和结构调整，改善社会总供给。     

部分中间产出作为最终产品的两阶段合作效率

网络DEA模型研究多个进程和多个子系统的复杂系统的效率度量.针对中间产出无法为第2阶段完全消耗的情形,传统DEA模型对系统效率的评价偏高,已有网络DEA模型则对系统效率的评价偏低.本文提出部分中间产出作为最终产品,进入流通渠道的两阶段效率模型,用来测度两阶段生产过程的真实效率.采用乘积形式描述两阶段合作的特征,给出不同...     

一类三阶微分算子自伴域的解析描述

讨论了一类三阶对称微分算式l（y）=iy＇＇＇＋q（x）y在[a,b]上各种边界条件下自伴域的描述,给出了耦合边界条件自伴域的解析描述.     

论文明的本质、尺度及其历史形态演进的逻辑

文明是文化中积极性的成分，是人类与自身和自然界交往方式的科学化和道德化的体现。人种尺度和物种尺度构成科学、道德与文明的终极尺度，它们在人类生活形式中实现的程度差异决定了人类文明必将经历原始社会的自在的物种文明形态到传统社会的人种文明形态并最终发展到未来的自觉的物种文明形态。     

不同的诗人，共同的追求——惠特曼与威廉斯诗作艺术形式的略同之处

惠特曼和威廉斯均是美国诗坛上的泰斗。他们的诗歌在艺术形式上有很多共同之处。二人均倡导自由诗体；主张运用美国本土语言，表现美国自己的东西；注重诗歌的节奏和音乐美感以及色彩的运用。惠特曼在多方面影响了威廉斯，威廉斯在深受其益的同时，多方面发展了惠特曼的优良传统，从而成就了自己在美国文坛上的地位。