东北抗日义勇军的松散性领导机构考辨

东北抗日义勇军究竟有没有领导机构,史学界始终说法不一,至今在国内尚未见到相对全面、客观的研究文献。本文认为,至少有5个松散性领导机构和张学良共6个方面对东北抗日义勇军起到了重要的领导和支持作用。简要阐述这6个方面与义勇军之关系的基本概况,对于义勇军发展历史的研究具有重要的意义。     

柔性嵌入与协作治理——新型农村社区促进会的个案解读

以社区为基本范畴剖析协作治理的生产与实践,社会组织的介入与自主性行动构成观察理论适用性的现实切口。政府引导下的社会组织参与基层社区建设,既是国家重塑基层社会治理秩序的手段,也是激活民众自治参与的主体性和构建公共事务协商规则的中介平台。对B新型农村社区促进会的个案诠释,提炼出社会组织面向转型社区“柔性嵌入”的行动结构。社区治理的结构化关系促成了社区促进会主导的在资金募集、议事规则输入、项目制运作和社区疫情防控参与等方面的主体间协作生态。“柔性嵌入”营造的有机治理网络、耦合式治理结构和对社区资源的培育成为社区协作治理生成的主要逻辑。因此,推动社区层面协作治理的可能进路,一方面在于国家向社会的分权赋能,并为后者提供基本的规则与资源;另一方面在于社会组织的向下负责,分担与创新相应的治理功能,最终实现国家与社会的协同共治。     

The Additive Risk Model for Estimation of Effect of Haplotype Match in BMT Studies

Abstract. In this article we consider a problem from bone marrow transplant (BMT) studies where there is interest on assessing the effect of haplotype match for donor and patient on the overall survival. The BMT study we consider is based on donors and patients that are genotype matched, and this therefore leads to a missing data problem. We show how Aalen's additive risk model can be applied in this setting with the benefit that the time‐varying haplomatch effect can be easily studied. This problem has not been considered before, and the standard approach where one would use the expected‐maximization (EM) algorithm cannot be applied for this model because the likelihood is hard to evaluate without additional assumptions. We suggest an approach based on multivariate estimating equations that are solved using a recursive structure. This approach leads to an estimator where the large sample properties can be developed using product‐integration theory. Small sample properties are investigated using simulations in a setting that mimics the motivating haplomatch problem.     

地方高职院校师资队伍建设新探

职业教育的生命力在于教育质量,教育质量的高低取决于教师素质的高低。要培养合格的大批高职人才,就必须要有高素质的教师群体,就必须加强师资队伍的建设。地方高等职业技术教育还处于发展阶段,分析师资队伍建设现状、师资管理中存在的问题及探讨师资队伍建设的策略对于建设高质量的、相对稳定的师资队伍具有重要的理论和现实意义。     

高校毕业生自主创业与灵活就业调查报告——在法律视野下

文章通过对天津九所高校师生及部分政府、企事业单位的工作人员的深入调查,对天津高校毕业生自主创业与灵活就业的现实状况进行分析,在寻求毕业生创业难、就业难的政策障碍及法律成因的基础上,积极探索高校普法的新方法和新途径,同时,架构促进天津市高校毕业生自主创业与灵活就业的法律体系,以此为规范大学生创业、就业市场,净化创业、就业环境提供更好的法律保障。     

Participation of seniors in the Argentinian labour market: An option value model*

The aim of this article is to define the factors which determine seniors' decisions to continue to participate in the labour market in Argentina. An option value model is developed. This model is used to produce estimates based on micro‐data drawn from household surveys. These indicate the relative importance of the impact of conditions governing eligibility for benefits on decisions to remain actively employed. Work history is found to be the main factor in such decisions. Inadequacy of social security benefits and accumulated human capital also create incentives for economic participation in old age. On the basis of these findings, compensatory policy adjustments, to improve coverage, increase benefit levels and improve employment conditions for seniors, are proposed.     

A curious trajectory of interrace relations: the transformation of cosmopolitan Malay port polities into the multiethnic divisions of modern Malaysia

This article aims to examine several interrelated issues pertaining to the historical development of pluralism in areas forming today´s Malaysia. Firstly, it intends to analyze the transformation of the formerly cosmopolitan populations of Malay port polities into the highly ‘racialized’ society of modern Malaysia. It also seeks to clarify the roots of ethnicity-based issues and relations in the country. Lastly, it attempts to challenge the very concept of Malaysia as a society primarily consisting of three ethnic pillars, dominated by the Malays, and ‘complemented’ by the Chinese and the Indians. I argue that the main driving force behind these tensions is the segregational colonial policies and the postcolonial arrangements of the Malay ethnocentrist governments, rather than ethnic and cultural factors as the ruling politicians tend to stress. I also contend that religious issues, especially those stemming from the dakwah movement, are gradually becoming an increasingly important factor in interrace strife.     

基于系统柔性的MTS-MTO混合生产决策

研究生产商采用MTS、MTO混合作业的方式为不同客户提供产品和服务的策略。计划利用一组可灵活控制的动态设备处理那些不同需求的MTS和MTO生产业务,为此,我们开发了一个多服务台的排队模型,利用拟生灭过程和相位型分布得到了MTS、MTO排队系统平衡条件和稳态概率矩阵几何解。通过求解分块矩阵方程组,给出了系统队列长度、平均等待队长、顾客服务水平等绩效测度指标。建立了系统运作成本最优化的数学模型,采用搜索算法,确定了关键参数的边界值,找到了混合系统运作的最优策略。数值模拟和系统绩效比较分析结果显示：（1）动态切换策略能够更快速的帮助MTS恢复目标库存量,控制系统缺货风险,降低库存持有成本;（2）找到了满足顾客服务水平的最少的设备配置数量和库存成本最低的生产切换时间,且动态系统的平均队列长度低于静态系统;（3）混合运作策略减少了约2/3的静态系统平均队列长度,企业在队列长度减小的窗口期内可以接受更多订单和缩短MTO订单交货时间。     

Differences in Well‐being among People with Disabilities in Paid Employment: Level of Restriction,Gender and Labour Market Context

This study investigates the variability in well‐being of people with disabilities in paid employment in two different labour market contexts: the beginning (1998) and end (2009) of a period of growth in non‐standard hours and work intensification. It focuses on the well‐being constraints that arise from three influences: a person's disability, a person's gender, and the labour market context. Hypotheses are developed using the social model of disability and social identity theory. Hierarchical moderator regression is employed to examine two national samples of nearly 4,000 people with disabilities in paid employment. Individuals who are most limited by their disabilities, particularly women, reported lower well‐being in 2009 than in 1998. Welfare‐to‐work policies affecting these disadvantaged groups are discussed in relation to the labour market and national regulatory environments.     

Effective retirement age from employment and full‐time employment,and the impact of the 2008 crisis

Estimates of effective retirement age based on labour force participation rates are commonly used for actuarial experience review and policy development. However, the transition from work to retirement and the socio‐economic environment have evolved over the years, influenced by a growing role for gradual retirement and the labour market impact of the 2008 economic crisis. Rather than focusing exclusively on retirement ages based on labour force participation rates, this article presents complementary estimates of retirement ages to better assess the effective retirement age from employment. It also introduces the concept of retirement from full‐time employment, showing that the retirement age from full‐time employment is systematically lower than the retirement age from employment. The results reveal that the trend towards an increase in the retirement age has been impacted by economic conditions when considering the effective employment of older workers. Results are presented for different Member countries of the Organisation for Economic Co‐operation and Development over the period 2005–2015.