弹性城市化与农民工反贫困：基于城乡统筹的视角

主流观点认为农民工问题的根本出路不在农村而在城市．支持通过加速城市化进程的方式来解决农民工问题。但在中国人口整体规模过大情况下,完全实行人口自由流动或迫使人口向城市流动的政策,结果只能是贫困人口向城市的搬迁和聚集。较现实的方式是：长期稳定和完善中国农民自己创造的城乡间往返流动模式．即弹性城市化模式。这在一定程度有效地平衡了市场条件下的城市化限制与农村低收入之间的矛盾,降低城市严重贫困化的风险。     

灵活就业人员职业伤害保险制度的试点困境与完善进路

灵活就业人员面临较大的工作风险,但目前我国实行的工伤保险制度难以为其提供保障。学界试图扩展劳动关系概念以包容灵活就业,但在学理与制度两个方面均遭遇阻力。以职业伤害保险保障灵活就业人员权益亦是进路之一,审视既有试点可知,职业伤害保险虽能覆盖工伤保险力所不及的劳动者群体,但也存在发展定位走偏、参保人数少、认定难度大、部门监管难等问题。应厘清职业伤害保险的发展定位,立足于保障灵活就业人员的基本安全,从向全国推广职业伤害保险、加强宣传针对性、强制平台购买职业伤害保险、缩短缴费周期、完善伤害认定的举证责任配置以及完善筹资机制等六方面着手,完善职业伤害保险制度。     

外生状态的信息与经典的柔性选择

将经典柔性决策模型中决策者的柔性选择与观察到的外生状态(信息)之间的比较静态关系进行了统一的考察,并且将相应的结果应用于实物期权投资模型和动态规划模型.这一比较静态关系表明,在一定的技术假定下,决策者利益函数的上模性(决策选择与外生状态之间的互补特性)对应于二者之间的同向变化,而决策者利益函数的子模性(决策选择与外生状态之间的替代特性)对应于二者之间的反向变化.这一结果统一了文献中存在的关于决策选择与观察到的外生状态之间的比较静态关系的具体结果,从而扩展了这些结果.     

农民工对失业保险的潜在需求研究——基于河北省的社会调查

在市场经济和社会化大生产的背景下,农民工面临失业风险大、生活保障弱、再就业难等问题,导致农民工群体对失业保险制度存在潜在需求。现行失业保险制度由于给付条件过于严格、保障水平低以及就业促进功能缺位等原因,不能与农民工对失业保险制度的潜在需求匹配。应以农民工实际工资为缴费基数,采用灵活的缴费率机制,并将缴费金额、缴费时间与支付水平相挂钩,为农民工建立既有别于正规就业,又能与正规就业的失业保险制度接轨的弹性失业保险制度。     

Demographics,the Third Age and partial retirement: Policy proposals to accommodate the changing picture of female retirement in Canada

Much concern has been raised around the potential impact of the retirement of the large baby boom generation. This article specifically addresses the unique issues surrounding the retirement of female baby boomers. Demographic changes, including increased labor force participation, coupled with declining fertility rates, have resulted in a social transformation of the roles women play in society. Despite these changes, women still bear much of the caregiving responsibilities in the household, which can complicate retirement choices. This article examines female retirement in the Canadian context and presents three policy proposals to expand women’s retirement choices, encourage longer-term labor force participation, and thereby extend their working lives into the Third Age.     

‘Men have careers,women have babies’: unequal parental care among Irish entrepreneurs

This paper examines how entrepreneurial parents in Ireland negotiate their work and family roles, drawing upon a national survey of women and men entrepreneurs, to ascertain the degree to which entrepreneurship facilitates a more equitable sharing of domestic and caring tasks. Relatively few studies have examined familial and domestic task allocation in the context of entrepreneurship, as opposed to employment. The results suggest that mothers (and not fathers) adopted flexible working strategies; took on a disproportionate responsibility for caring and domestic labour; and experienced greater role conflict. Far from contradicting the prevailing findings of gender and employment issues, the study validates the gendered patterns of divergence between men and women and illustrates how they extend into entrepreneurship. Fathers worked significantly longer hours; their career trajectories were typically continuous, in full-time work, while mothers had more fragmented working patterns, reflecting absences for caring and adjustments such as part-time or working from home. It is still mothers, rather than fathers, who feel responsible for childcare arrangements and this imposes time constraints on their pursuit of entrepreneurship. The study points to the need for policy interventions to encourage entrepreneurship alongside co-parenting through childcare provision/subsidies and equal treatment in access to family-related leave.     

Manager attitudes concerning flexible work arrangements: fixed or changeable?

ABSTRACT

Flexible work arrangements (FWAs) present a vehicle for supporting caregiving responsibilities, but have yet to be widely implemented, in part, because of limited support from managers. This study examines transformation of manager attitudes toward FWAs in the context of a change initiative. Panel surveys of 721 managers revealed positive and negative attitudes concerning the use of FWAs and predictors of changes in these attitudes. Over the course of one year, the attitudes shifted in positive and negative directions consistent with conservation of resources and symbolic interactionism theory. Experience in supervising workers in FWAs, exposure to training, and perceived career rewards predicted favorable changes in attitudes. Findings offer support for advocacy for FWAs on the basis of a positive spiral of affirmation that connects experience and attitudes toward FWAs. The viewing of a personalized report on support of flexible work use by peers predicted development of more favorable attitudes in the merits of schedule flexibility. Findings indicate that manager attitudes about FWAs can be influenced, which in turn has potential to enhance family responsive employment practices.     

黔西南布依族苗族自治州森林变通立法探究

《黔西南布依族苗族自治州执行〈中华人民共和国森林法〉变通规定》是我国民族自治地方有关森林资源保护方面的第一项变通规定,该规定不仅对当地的生态环境保护起到了重要的作用,而且充实了我国森林资源的立法,具有重要的参考价值。黔西南州变通立法的成功经验,值得其他民族自治地方在生态环境立法中借鉴。     

城镇中低收入家庭养老保险缴费压力研究

文章分析了我国城镇中低收入家庭灵活就业的状况和特点,建立了养老保险缴费压力模型,对城镇中低收入灵活就业家庭养老保险缴费压力进行了理论和实证分析,研究结果表明养老保险缴费给这些家庭带来了巨大的压力,超出了其承受范围,产生了重要的影响。提出了建立养老保险缴费减免补偿机制等对策建议。     

A comparative analysis of due date based job sequencing rules in a flow shop with multiple processors

The literature on job scheduling recognizes the importance of due date performance criteria such as mean tardiness and maximum tardiness. A number of studies test a large number of sequencing rules for these criteria in job shop and flow shop settings. The object of this present research is to examine the performance of some well-known priority rules in a flow shop with multiple processors. This study investigates the performance of ten priority rules in terms of mean and maximum tardiness. It examines the effects of problem characteristics, such as number of jobs, number of machines stages and number of parallel processors at each stage, and the performance of priority rules using regression analysis. The findings of the study suggest that the primary determinants of tardiness-based criteria are problem characteristics. In addition, both the regression analysis and the analysis of variance provide strong evidence of the strategy-effect. Finally, a detailed performance review of examined priority rules for various problem characteristics is presented.