张伯端的性命思想研究

张伯端在形而上层次以真一统帅真精和先天气,落实到形而下而有精、气、神三宝合修的主张。为了圆融地处理形而上与形而下的关系,不得不把精、气、神的理论发展为性命理论。张伯端在综合前人思想的基础上,提出了天地之性与气质之性的二分,发展了前人关于性命关系的思想,提出了先命后性、性命双修、重性轻命等思想,为后世道教的性命理论确立了基本的理论框架。     

Race Differences in Family Experience and Early Sexual Initiation: Dynamic Models of Family Structure and Family Change

We examine the effects of family structure on age at first sexual intercourse before marriage for a recent cohort of women. Previous research on the linkage between family structure and sexual initiation has employed relatively crude measures of family structure—typically a snapshot of the respondent's family structure at age 14. We use retrospective parent histories from the 1979–1987 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth to construct dynamic measures of family structure, using information on the number and types of parents in the respondent's household between birth and age 18. We use these measures in proportional hazard models to test the effects of prolonged exposure to a single‐mother family, prolonged absence of a biological father, parental presence during adolescence, and family turbulence. For White women, age‐specific rates of first sexual intercourse are significantly and positively associated with the number of family transitions; for Black women, age‐specific rates are significantly and positively associated with having resided in a mother‐only or father‐only family during adolescence. Net of other effects of family structure, we find no significant effects for White or Black women of being born out of wedlock, prolonged exposure to a single‐mother family, or prolonged absence of a biological father. Our results for White women are consistent with a turbulence hypothesis, whereas for Black women our results suggest the importance of family structure during adolescence. For neither White nor Black women are our results consistent with hypotheses positing earlier initiation of sexual activity for women with prolonged exposure to a single‐mother or father‐absent family.     

动物体内水及离子浓度相对平衡的实现

体液渗透压的相对稳定,是动物体自稳态的一个重要部分。生活在不同环境中的动物,其维持体内渗透压相对稳定的控制机制,即保持其体内水分及各种离子相对平衡的方式也不相同,这是动物长期进化的结果。     

基于利益相关者的社会责任与企业价值相关性研究

企业社会责任（CSR）已成为政府、社会和民众对企业的基本期望、要求和约束。将CSR理念融入企业使命、战略和文化之中,对企业竞争力具有重要影响。为此,利用企业每股社会贡献值和年销售收入环比发展速度分别反映CSR和竞争力水平,从经济、社会和环境三个方面描述了CSR对企业竞争力的作用关系,通过建立反映CSR对企业竞争力影响作用的系统动力学（SD）模型,针对企业分别注重经济责任、社会责任、环境责任和三种责任平衡发展的四种情景策略,设置相应的策略参数,对相应的企业竞争力变化情况进行仿真实验。同时又以上市医药制造企业为例进行仿真模拟,结果显示：企业侧重履行单一责任不利于企业竞争力提高,履行CSR的效果不理想,企业应在经营过程中均衡履行经济、社会和环境责任,才能保持企业竞争力快速提升,实现企业可持续发展。     

供应链企业碳减排投资策略选择与行为演化

从溢出效应视角出发研究供应链上下游企业间的碳减排投入策略问题,利用演化博弈模型和系统动力学模型,探究在低碳经济背景下供应链各利益主体对于碳减排投入的策略选择和演化稳定路径。研究结果表明：上下游企业投入碳减排决策的稳定状态主要与减排投入成本和收益、“搭便车”行为所支付的补偿成本和所获得的额外收益等因素密切相关。研究者还进一步探讨了在政府调控下基于奖惩机制的演化过程,分析奖惩金额与比例对演化稳定策略的影响。最后利用系统动力学软件仿真分析验证了演化模型的有效性。     

考虑异质性行为的灾后应急物资动态调度优化

在以人道主义为本的应急救援活动中,不可忽视被救灾民和施救决策者们异质性行为的影响。一方面,将各灾民因救援物资需求未被及时满足而呈现的差异化心理痛苦度量成经济损失,并纳入应急救援调度的社会成本这一决策目标中;另一方面,在灾后物资调度决策中,关注具有异质性偏好的各应急决策者所展现出的不同救援态度。结合面向联合机会约束规划的动态供需平衡限制,最终构建一个考虑灾民和决策者们异质性行为的多阶段灾后救援物资分配和应急路径优化模型。采用2008年汶川地震为案例背景,应用遗传算法对模型求解和参数分析,将仿真结果与不考虑异质性行为的传统救援调度方案进行比较,得出一些结论为构建高效的应急救援体系提供有益参考。     

Learning,signaling, and convincing: The role of experimentation in the business modeling process

This study examines experimentation in the business modeling process, unpacking three different roles of experimentation: learning, signaling, and convincing. Learning is an inherent role of experimentation, as managers typically experiment to engage with the environment and to obtain knowledge. This study uncovers another set of roles, which have a symbolic nature. These roles show that experimentation is not just a learning process, but also a strategic legitimation process, aimed at enacting the environment. Experimentation serves the purpose of signaling to potential customers and other stakeholders, and of convincing them to embrace the business model. Furthermore, this study shows that experimentation takes two forms—purposeful interactions and experimental projects—and that these forms can support the different roles of experimentation.     

Fuzzy System Dynamics Risk Analysis (FuSDRA) of Autonomous Underwater Vehicle Operations in the Antarctic

With the maturing of autonomous technology and better accessibility, there has been a growing interest in the use of autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs). The deployment of AUVs for under-ice marine science research in the Antarctic is one such example. However, a higher risk of AUV loss is present during such endeavors due to the extreme operating environment. To control the risk of loss, existing risk analyses approaches tend to focus more on the AUV's technical aspects and neglect the role of soft factors, such as organizational and human influences. In addition, the dynamic and complex interrelationships of risk variables are also often overlooked due to uncertainties and challenges in quantification. To overcome these shortfalls, a hybrid fuzzy system dynamics risk analysis (FuSDRA) is proposed. In the FuSDRA framework, system dynamics models the interrelationships between risk variables from different dimensions and considers the time-dependent nature of risk while fuzzy logic accounts for uncertainties. To demonstrate its application, an example based on an actual Antarctic AUV program is presented. Focusing on funding and experience of the AUV team, simulation of the FuSDRA risk model shows a declining risk of loss from 0.293 in the early years of the Antarctic AUV program, reaching a minimum of 0.206 before increasing again in later years. Risk control policy recommendations were then derived from the analysis. The example demonstrated how FuSDRA can be applied to inform funding and risk management strategies, or broader application both within the AUV domain and on other complex technological systems.     

双目标用户均衡下的交通流逐日动态演化模型

时间和费用是出行者在路径选择时关注的两个重要目标，许多研究将两者加权组合为单目标来考虑，存在一定缺陷.在静态交通分配模型的研究中，已有学者提出将两者分开考虑的双目标用户均衡.然而，在动态交通分配模型中，现有研究仍多以传统的单目标用户均衡作为交通流演化的最终状态.因此，本文针对双目标用户均衡，提出了一种新的基于路径流量更新的交通流逐日动态演化模型，假设出行者在每天的路径选择中会将出行时间和收费分开比较以决定是否变换路径.论文从理论上证明了该模型的收敛性，以及交通流演化的最终状态会达到双目标用户均衡，同时数值算例也验证了模型的有效性.