煤岩坍塌的特殊性及钻井液对策

在煤层气钻井中,煤岩坍塌造成接单根困难、起下钻遇阻遇卡、蹩泵等事故和井下复杂。通过煤岩力学性能测试和结构构造特征分析,分析了煤岩失稳的特殊性及钻井液和其它因素的影响,确定了煤层钻井的钻井液技术对策,优选出钻井液体系及配方,应用表明钾铵聚合物钻井液能有效地防止煤岩井壁失稳。     

抗高温降滤失剂PAX的合成及性能

采用氧化还原体系以2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸(AMPS),丙烯酰胺(AM),等乙烯基单体为基本原料合成出了新型抗高温二元共聚物PAX系列处理剂。该降滤失剂在220℃的高温下及饱和盐水中具有良好的降滤失作用。     

井口声发射井筒液气浸检测—时延估计方法

基于高阶统计,提出了井口声发射井筒液气浸检测中的接收和发射声信号之间时延估计的非参数化和参数化方法。通过分析声信号在井筒液中的传播过程,井口声发射井筒液气浸检测中的接收噪声,可近似模型化为空间相关的高斯色噪声。由于四阶累积量对任意高斯噪声的盲目性,因此,较常规互相关估计方法,这些方法可以进一步提高检测概率。计算机模拟结果证实了它们的有效性。     

水力喷射压裂孔内压力分布研究

水力喷射压裂工艺是集水力射孔和压裂一体的新型油田增产技术。在室内实验基础上， 运用流体力学计算方法， 对水力喷射压裂孔道内压力场进行计算， 得到了井下水力射流在地层孔道内的压力及速度分布， 揭示了喷嘴空间位置、 喷嘴数量、 孔道形状、 喷嘴压降和喷嘴直径对孔道压力的影响规律。结果表明：高速射流之间具有很强的独立性， 喷嘴空间位置和喷嘴数量不会影响孔道内压力； 水力射流在不同形状孔道内产生的压力相同； 孔道压力随喷嘴压降和喷嘴直径的增大而增加。     

城市居民人居生活质量评价研究

本文认为人居生活质量(QOL)的主要影响要素应包括:产业及经济水平、交通可达性、居住条件、环境质量和生态质量五大类,据此可构建城市人居生活质量评价体系。本文通过问卷调查明确了各影响要素的相对重要性,并基于层次分析法计算评价体系层次中各指标在本层次中的权重以及对总目标的权重,计算结果表明,城市内交通可达性已成为影响人居生活质量最重要的因素。因而,要改善居民生活质量,城市管理者应该首先改善居民出行的可达性,尤其要提高居民通勤和购物出行的可达性。     

交通强国的内涵及评价指标体系

交通强国建设根本上是服务国家经济社会发展的,脱离这一基本目的来建设交通强国,则会在发展导向、发展路径等方面产生根本偏差。交通强国需要二三产联动、多产业协同,促进现代化经济体系建设。对交通运输业自身而言,交通强国建设要以高质量运输服务为核心,以提高交通运输服务的效率和效益为目标,以快速、经济、安全、绿色、自主五大特征为指向。运输服务供给能力和运输服务质量是评价交通强国两个基本方面:运输服务供给能力要满足经济社会对资源时空配置的要求,即交通运输供给能力与运输需求基本平衡;运输服务质量要满足人们对美好出行的基本预期,并在国际竞争中能够领跑世界并具有可持续性。我国交通基础设施和运输服务规模多项指标位居世界前列甚至第一,这仅仅是与我国人口、经济总量和国土面积的世界地位相匹配而已。根据本文构建的交通强国评价指标体系,定性与定量相结合分析,我国距离交通强国还有差距。     

Hand-Hygiene Mitigation Strategies Against Global Disease Spreading through the Air Transportation Network

The risk for a global transmission of flu-type viruses is strengthened by the physical contact between humans and accelerated through individual mobility patterns. The Air Transportation System plays a critical role in such transmissions because it is responsible for fast and long-range human travel, while its building components—the airports—are crowded, confined areas with usually poor hygiene. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and World Health Organization (WHO) consider hand hygiene as the most efficient and cost-effective way to limit disease propagation. Results from clinical studies reveal the effect of hand washing on individual transmissibility of infectious diseases. However, its potential as a mitigation strategy against the global risk for a pandemic has not been fully explored. Here, we use epidemiological modeling and data-driven simulations to elucidate the role of individual engagement with hand hygiene inside airports in conjunction with human travel on the global spread of epidemics. We find that, by increasing travelers engagement with hand hygiene at all airports, a potential pandemic can be inhibited by 24% to 69%. In addition, we identify 10 airports at the core of a cost-optimal deployment of the hand-washing mitigation strategy. Increasing hand-washing rate at only those 10 influential locations, the risk of a pandemic could potentially drop by up to 37%. Our results provide evidence for the effectiveness of hand hygiene in airports on the global spread of infections that could shape the way public-health policy is implemented with respect to the overall objective of mitigating potential population health crises.     

Book Review

Book reviewed:
J. Scott Armstrong, Principles of Forecasting: A Handbook for Researchers and Practitioners     

A New Approach to Hazardous Materials Transportation Risk Analysis: Decision Modeling to Identify Critical Variables

We take a novel approach to analyzing hazardous materials transportation risk in this research. Previous studies analyzed this risk from an operations research (OR) or quantitative risk assessment (QRA) perspective by minimizing or calculating risk along a transport route. Further, even though the majority of incidents occur when containers are unloaded, the research has not focused on transportation-related activities, including container loading and unloading. In this work, we developed a decision model of a hazardous materials release during unloading using actual data and an exploratory data modeling approach. Previous studies have had a theoretical perspective in terms of identifying and advancing the key variables related to this risk, and there has not been a focus on probability and statistics-based approaches for doing this. Our decision model empirically identifies the critical variables using an exploratory methodology for a large, highly categorical database involving latent class analysis (LCA), loglinear modeling, and Bayesian networking. Our model identified the most influential variables and countermeasures for two consequences of a hazmat incident, dollar loss and release quantity , and is one of the first models to do this. The most influential variables were found to be related to the failure of the container. In addition to analyzing hazmat risk, our methodology can be used to develop data-driven models for strategic decision making in other domains involving risk.     

图像文件可靠传输软件的设计与实现

介绍了高速公路收费系统、监控系统的发展和重要性,收费系统中图像捕获、传输、处理发展的具体过程,以及在每一过程中所采用的设备、技术、方法和各自的优缺点。描述了在网络环境下利用共享目录、TCP/IP协议或ODBC直接写库,HTTP、FTP协议、中间件等实现图像文件传输处理的优点和缺点。阐述了一种在网络环境下利用UDP通信传输协议实现图像文件可靠、高效、自动传输软件的设计方法和实现过程,利用该软件可以低廉、高效、方便地解决收费系统中图像文件的传输。