Emergency purchasing situations: Implications for consumer decision-making

This article introduces the emergency purchasing situation (EPS) as a distinct buying context. EPSs stem from an unexpected event (unanticipated need or timing of a need), as well as high product importance, which are associated with a short time frame for consumer decision-making. Our conceptual review integrates largely disconnected strands of research and theories relevant to EPSs and offers a series of independent propositions to understand how these situations might affect consumer decision-making, specifically heuristic versus reflective information processing in product evaluation. We discuss changes induced by the buying context in terms of regulatory focus, perceived time pressure, and stress. Our propositions further account for purchase involvement in the form of product importance, purchase risk, and product substitutability. Finally, we consider how individual differences (expertise and trust) may affect evaluation processes. Our discussion reflects on the implications of our model, avenues for future research, and how an understanding of EPSs can be used to improve managerial practice.     

(De)constructing distinction: Class inequality and elite authenticity in mediatized food discourse

Orienting to recent work on language materiality (Cavanaugh and Shankar 2017 ) and elite discourse (Thurlow and Jaworski 2017a), I examine the discursive production of class status and the management of distinction/privilege in mediatized food discourse. Specifically, this paper presents a critical discourse analysis of a New York Times food section corpus comprised of 259 articles (e.g. restaurant reviews, celebrity chef profiles, features concerning cooking techniques or trending ingredients, etc.) in which I identify an over‐arching discourse of elite authenticity. I show how elite authenticity is a key strategy by which distinction is nowadays both (re)produced and (dis)avowed in food discourse, and that it is accomplished via five rhetorical strategies: historicity, simplicity, pioneer spirit, lowbrow appreciation, and locality/sustainability. Thus, food discourse, rooted in familiar bourgeois anxieties and privileges, sustains the post‐class ideologies (Thurlow 2016 ) and omnivorous consumption (Khan 2014 ) at the heart of contemporary class formations.     

矿物加工工程专业学分制培养方案特色探讨——以安徽理工大学为例

在对国内主要矿物加工专业的本科培养方案进行分析基础上,对安徽理工大学矿物加工专业学分制培养方案中的专业培养特色进行了探讨,提出注重学科交叉性与应用性课程开设、改革教学方法与手段及加强实践教学环节是人才培养的关键.     

成功二语习得的关键：平衡创造性和程式性

语言既有分析性,也有程式性。一方面,它以规则为基础,由单词和有限的语法规则构成。另一方面,它又以记忆为基础,由具有交际功能的套语（语块）组成。语言加工基于双重模式体系,即规则体系和套语体系。规则体系负责语言的语法性,套语体系负责语言的流利度和地道性。平衡两体系是成功二语习得的关键。     

英国食品安全立法研究述评

自19世纪中期以来,英国就已经开始制定食品安全法令,开展食品安全监管,相应的学术研究也随之展开。故该文旨在廓清英国食品安全立法与监管政策演变的历史轨迹,回顾英国学术界对英国食品安全监管及其立法的学术研究状况,特别是对英国食品安全监管成败得失的关注     

食品安全监管制度的完善

食品安全问题与人民的身体健康乃至社会的稳定和国民经济的发展关系密切。我国食品安全法已实施两年,但食品安全现状依然不容乐观。从食品安全问题现状入手对其进行分析,进而提出相应的解决对策,为进一步完善食品安全监管制度提供参考。     

Optimal Security Investments and Extreme Risk

In the aftermath of 9/11, concern over security increased dramatically in both the public and the private sector. Yet, no clear algorithm exists to inform firms on the amount and the timing of security investments to mitigate the impact of catastrophic risks. The goal of this article is to devise an optimum investment strategy for firms to mitigate exposure to catastrophic risks, focusing on how much to invest and when to invest. The latter question addresses the issue of whether postponing a risk mitigating decision is an optimal strategy or not. Accordingly, we develop and estimate both a one‐period model and a multiperiod model within the framework of extreme value theory (EVT). We calibrate these models using probability measures for catastrophic terrorism risks associated with attacks on the food sector. We then compare our findings with the purchase of catastrophic risk insurance.     

The unfriendly board: Antecedents and consequences of board dissent

This study examines the antecedents and consequences of board dissent. Drawing from agency theory and the information-processing perspective, we propose that the level of earnings management is negatively associated with the likelihood of board dissent, and that this relationship is moderated by environmental complexity. We also contend that board dissent may improve firm performance, but it may prompt managers to use more deviant strategies. Using a sample of public firms in China, we find support for our hypotheses. Our findings contribute to the literatures on board effectiveness and corporate governance.     

考虑追溯水平的食品厂商竞争决策研究

本文综合考虑食品市场竞争环境,消费者食品安全风险规避程度及食品追溯水平等因素建立了食品厂商的双寡头竞争博弈模型,探讨了食品的追溯水平与消费者风险规避程度对食品厂商价格、安全努力水平以及利润的影响。研究发现：食品厂商的最优价格和食品的安全努力水平随其食品追溯水平的提高而增加,随竞争厂商的食品追溯水平的提高而降低;厂商食品追溯水平较高时,其安全努力水平随消费者风险规避程度的增大而提高,其最优价格随高风险规避型消费者比例的增大而增加;而厂商食品追溯水平较低时,其安全努力水平随消费者风险规避程度的增大先增加而后下降,其最优价格随高风险规避型消费者比例的增大总是下降;随高风险规避型消费者比例的增大,各厂商的食品追溯水平对其决策的影响产生不同的变化。     

Food Risks on the Web: Analysis of the 2017 Fipronil Alert in the Italian Online Information Sources

In the summer of 2017, several European Union Member States were involved in a food alert caused by the presence of fipronil pesticide residues in chicken eggs. The food alert became a major news and received wide coverage both in the mass media and on the Internet. This article describes a study that analyzed how the Italian online information sources represented the fipronil alert, using web monitoring techniques and both manual and automatic content analysis methods. The results indicate that the alert was amplified because general news media could represent the alert within the frame of a political scandal, and because different social actors exploited the case. However, online information sources correctly communicated that the risks for consumers were low, reporting mainly what was officially communicated by the Italian health authorities. The study provides empirical evidence on how the online information sources represent food risks and food alerts and offers useful indications for health authorities in charge of the public communication of food risks.