On the asymptotic distribution of an estimate of the change point in a failure rate

The failure rate r(t) is assumed to have the shape of the"first"part of the"bathtub"model, i.e.r(t) is non-increasing for t<r and is constant for t> r. Asymptotic distribution of one of the estimates proposed earlier has been investigated in this paper. This leads to a test for the hypothesis HQ r<r ₀ vs H :r>r (where TQ > 0). Asymptotic expression for the power of this test under Pitman alternatives is derived. Some simulations are reported.     

Generalized Augmentation to Control the False Discovery Exceedance in Multiple Testing

Abstract.  A new multiple testing procedure, the generalized augmentation procedure (GAUGE), is introduced. The procedure is shown to control the false discovery exceedance and to be competitive in terms of power. It is also shown how to apply the idea of GAUGE to achieve control of other error measures. Extensions to dependence are discussed, together with a modification valid under arbitrary dependence. We present an application to an original study on prostate cancer and on a benchmark data set on colon cancer.     

Controlling the familywise error rate with plug-in estimator for the proportion of true null hypotheses

Summary.  Estimation of the number or proportion of true null hypotheses in multiple-testing problems has become an interesting area of research. The first important work in this field was performed by Schweder and Spjøtvoll. Among others, they proposed to use plug-in estimates for the proportion of true null hypotheses in multiple-test procedures to improve the power. We investigate the problem of controlling the familywise error rate FWER when such estimators are used as plug-in estimators in single-step or step-down multiple-test procedures. First we investigate the case of independent p -values under the null hypotheses and show that a suitable choice of plug-in estimates leads to control of FWER in single-step procedures. We also investigate the power and study the asymptotic behaviour of the number of false rejections. Although step-down procedures are more difficult to handle we briefly consider a possible solution to this problem. Anyhow, plug-in step-down procedures are not recommended here. For dependent p -values we derive a condition for asymptotic control of FWER and provide some simulations with respect to FWER and power for various models and hypotheses.     

A clarifying comparison of methods for controlling the false discovery rate

Traditional multiple hypothesis testing procedures fix an error rate and determine the corresponding rejection region. In 2002 Storey proposed a fixed rejection region procedure and showed numerically that it can gain more power than the fixed error rate procedure of Benjamini and Hochberg while controlling the same false discovery rate (FDR). In this paper it is proved that when the number of alternatives is small compared to the total number of hypotheses, Storey's method can be less powerful than that of Benjamini and Hochberg. Moreover, the two procedures are compared by setting them to produce the same FDR. The difference in power between Storey's procedure and that of Benjamini and Hochberg is near zero when the distance between the null and alternative distributions is large, but Benjamini and Hochberg's procedure becomes more powerful as the distance decreases. It is shown that modifying the Benjamini and Hochberg procedure to incorporate an estimate of the proportion of true null hypotheses as proposed by Black gives a procedure with superior power.     

加强课程建设 推进素质教育——《电磁检测》课程教学的探索与实践

本文介绍了<电磁检测>教学课程组在加强课程建设、深化教学改革中所作的部分工作.在教学工作中大力探索理论与实践的教学方法,注重学员分析、解决工程问题的能力培养,鼓励创新思维,推进素质教育.     

基于不确定因素的食品安全问题频发的伦理分析

不良食品生产行为给社会带来的危害应由食品生产者及相关的政府职能部门负担起相应的伦理及法律责任。政府职能部门责任伦理意识缺失、消费者生命健康意识淡薄及社会道德监督机制缺失,造成了政府监管、公众安全认知、食品生产行业的道德与法律风险等方面的不确定性,成为食品安全事故频发的深层根源。只有通过健全食品安全监管制度、建构政府信用问责机制,提高政府监管者的责任伦理素养,培养公众的生命健康意识和食品安全问题防范意识,建立食品供应链道德信用跟踪系统,才能真正解决食品安全问题。     

国际慢城运动及其对我国城市建设的启示

在全球化的时代背景下,兴起于意大利的慢食和慢城运动,已经成为对抗速食文化尤其是文化趋同化的一种体现。近年来,国内学者更是将慢城理念引入我国城市建设、小城镇建设中,因此有关慢城运动的内涵以及慢城对于全球化问题的思考就显得尤为重要。将意大利慢食、慢城运动的兴起置于全球化背景中,探讨慢城运动的缘起、内涵、特质等,使之给我国城市建设带来一些思考和启发。     

食品安全监管中的信息工具研究

为破解食品安全监管困境,监管部门近年来频繁地利用风险信息公开的方式,遏制食品安全违法行为。公众对食品风险的低容忍度,推动着风险信息公开成为一种重要的规制工具。信息工具很大程度上是作为命令控制式规制的替代措施而发展起来的,具有效率和民主方面的优势,然而,对于其使用中存在的负面性,监管部门却很少进行检视。为减少信息工具滥用的可能性,有必要发展行政内部的控制措施,努力实现行政效率、公共利益与经营者合法权益三者之间的平衡。     

改善我国食品安全状况的思考

研究了现行的食品安全管理体制及弊端,分析了影响食品安全的主要因素,提出了改善食品安全性的措施。