外贸函电的拒绝策略及语用分析

拒绝是威胁听者积极面子的言语行为,因而要采取各种策略进行补救。外贸函电的拒绝策略分为直接策略和规约策略。规约策略由于同时遵守了合作原则和礼貌原则,从而减少了对于对方面子的威胁,因而在外贸函电中被广为使用。     

新形势下增强大学生就业能力的对策研究

外语教育政策与国家或地区的政治经济发展需要密切相关。外语教育政策反映社会需要,为地方经济发展服务。广西的外语教育所培养的人才无论在数量还是质量上还不能适应新形势的需要。面对中国一东盟自由贸易区即将建立的机遇和挑战,广西必须适度调整其外语教育政策,增强大学生的就业竞争能力。     

落后国家现代化问题的当代反思

马克思主义理论家和西方学者都对落后国家的现代化问题进行过专门的理论研究,形成了两种不同的现代化理论。对这两种理论进行反思,不但能让人们正确理解两种现代化理论的实质,而且能启发人们在全球化背景下和金融危机时期如何把握自身现代化的发展方向。     

经济转型期高校外语人才的培养模式分析

新时期高校外语人才的培养应满足社会时复合应用型人才的需求.因此,必须对现行的教育模式、课程体系、教学手段与方法、教学管理机制等进行系统化的重新构建,创建与培养目标相适应的人才培养模式.     

拓展、补益与国际化——外国文学对理工科人才成长的作用

外国文学不仅具有文学的普遍社会功能和易于被接受的特点,更有着"他种文化"的特征与异常丰富的精神和文化内涵,是认识域外文化的佳径之一.学习外国文学不仅可以拓展视域,补益思维模式,还有助于更好地把握人生,发展和运用科学技术,对于理工科人才的综合素质与能力的培养具有重要意义.     

Are all jobs created equal? A cross-national analysis of women's employment and child malnutrition in developing countries

Using multi-level models, the analysis examines female employment and child stunting across 49 developing countries. At the country level, female labor force participation is not associated with malnutrition after controlling for economic development. At the individual level, a binary measure of employment is not significantly associated with malnutrition. However, a more nuanced measure of seven occupational categories shows that certain types of employment improve malnutrition. Professional, clerical, sales, and domestic jobs are associated with reduced stunting. These effects are only partially mediated by wealth, perhaps suggesting that some jobs may bring benefits to the household beyond the sheer acquisition of tangible resources. Agricultural jobs are associated with increased malnutrition. Manual labor and service work do not have an effect on malnutrition, compared to unemployment. Thus, women's employment is not necessarily a mechanism for empowerment and wellbeing. Not all jobs are created equal, and many of them do not confer the benefits that are typically associated with working outside the home.     

Patterns and severity of menopausal symptoms among Jordanian women

We examined 359 women aged 45–65 years who visited Jordan University Hospital between February and November 2014. The menopausal symptoms were assessed using a validated Arabic version of the menopause rating scale. The mean age at menopause was 49.4 years. Women aged 50–55 years more frequently exhibited hot flushes and vaginal dryness. Although premenopausal women were 1.5 times more likely to experience irritability, perimenopausal women were more likely to experience hot flushes, physical and mental irritability, sexual problems, vaginal dryness, and joint and muscular discomfort. Hence, health care providers should focus on women at all stages of life.     

Articulations of populism: the Nordic case

Populism as a concept is elusive and has been connected to very different political movements. Generally, populism’s connotations are rather negative and the term is often used pejoratively in the academic field as well. However, Ernesto Laclau has approached populism by arguing that populist reason is a manifestation of political logic in which group identification – formed through various signifiers such as ‘the people’, which are articulated as part of an ‘equivalence chain’ – eventually establishes political agency as a totality. This paper uses Laclau’s articulation theory to analyse the public construction of contemporary populism in the Nordic countries of Sweden, Finland, Norway and Denmark. The analysis demonstrates that mainstream media frame populism rather negatively, although examples of the term’s positive identification with ‘the people’ are available, especially in the tabloid media. Thus, the positive identification behind the forming of populist movements clashes with the media discourse that prioritizes established journalistic views, practices and sources, making populism a ‘floating signifier’, that is, a concept that has several meanings which are contested in various public discourses. A general pattern in the construction of populism in Northern European multi-party democracies can be discerned, thus identifying the central role of nationalist and nativist identifications in contingent populist articulations. However, the differences between the Nordic countries emphasize a context-driven approach.     

战略抉择:中国经济发展方式的现状与转型

经济发展方式包括对内和对外经济发展方式。改革开放以来,中国市场取向和高强度投入的对内经济发展方式,与注重加工贸易和以引进外国直接投资为主、借入外国债务为辅的对外经济发展方式相互作用,推动中国经济迅速发展。但是,这种发展方式只是脱贫之路,而不是富强之路。随着时间的推移,这种发展方式不可持续的弱点逐渐表现出来。因此,中国政府应该充分发挥"看不见的手"和"看得见的手"的作用,对内实行自主创新和调整产业结构的发展战略,对外实行以超比较优势为核心的梯型对外贸易发展战略、以调整结构为主线的质量型引进外国直接投资发展战略和以渐进的人民币国际化为中心的对外金融发展战略,以成功地完成转变经济发展方式这场"经济社会领域的深刻变革"。     

发达国家和地区弱势群体福利照顾模式及其对我国的启示

在界定弱势群体福利照顾模式的基础上,归纳出发达国家和地区弱势群体福利照顾的四大特征:完善的社会保障制度是弱势群体福利供给的基础;社区照顾是弱势群体福利供给的依托;非营利组织是弱势群体福利照顾的主力;自助取向成为弱势群体福利供给的目标。与其相对比,目前我国弱势群体福利照顾体系社会保障制度尚不健全,社区服务和非营利组织参与刚刚起步,自助取向尚不明显,笔者据此提出相关建议。