太原市环境保护立法研究

作者在对太原市环境立法一一列举的基础上,认为目前该市环境立法存在严重的形式主义,忽视实体内容、忽视对现实问题的关注和研究,建议从转变环境立法理念、明确环境立法目标、加快环境立法清理、规范环境立法程序和保障环境立法落实五个方面尽快完善,试图通过太原市这一区域内的立法研究探索出一种可推广的立法模式。     

Verification in biometric systems: problems and modern methods of their solution

The paper deals with the problem of electronic verification of people on the basis of measurement information of a fingerprint reader and new approaches to its solution. The offered method guaranties the restriction of error probabilities of both type at the desired level at making a decision about permitting or rejecting the request on service in the system. On the basis of investigation of real data obtained in the real biometrical system, the choice of distribution laws is substantiated and the proper estimations of their parameters are obtained. Using chosen distribution laws, the normal distribution for measurement results of characteristics of the people having access to the system and the beta distribution for the people having no such access, the optimal rule based on the Constrained Bayesian Method (CBM) of making a decision about giving a permission of access to the users of the system is justified. The CBM, the Neyman–Pearson and classical Bayes methods are investigated and their good and negative points are examined. Computation results obtained by direct computation, by simulation and using real data completely confirm the suppositions made and the high quality of verification results obtained on their basis.     

我国可再生能源法律法规与政策研究

近年来,我国出台了一系列可再生能源法律法规和相关政策,逐渐形成了以《可再生能源法》为主、相关配套法律法规为辅的较为完善的可再生能源法律法规和政策体系。但是,国家在不断完善可再生能源法律法规和相关政策的过程中,也存在着法律法规不齐全、综合性较差、内部条款不协调、立法级别低、与保护自然生态环境的联系不够紧密等问题,与发达国家和地区相比仍有一定的差距。针对这些问题,我国应通过落实现有的可再生能源法律及政策保障制度、完善可再生能源立法和政策体系、协调可再生能源法律法规与政策和其他相关法律与政策之间的关系、加大可再生能源开发利用监管力度、坚持和完善能源市场化发展机制和公民参与机制等措施,不断完善和改进我国的可再生能源法律法规和政策体系。     

College Women's Gynecological Health Care Practices and Preferences

Abstract

Panic disorder is characterized by recurrent, sudden, often unprovoked attacks of intense, diffuse autonomic discharge accompanied by severe anxiety as distinguished from ordinary generalized anxiety. Recent research indicates a biochemical abnormality that predisposes some individuals to the disorder, which generally begins in young adulthood and affects women twice as frequently as men. Untreated panic disorder follows a chronic, fluctuating course. Complications include hypochondriasis, anticipatory anxiety, phobic avoidance and agoraphobia, abuse of alcohol and sedative drugs, and depression.

Diagnosis is complicated by patients' complaints of physical rather than emotional symptoms. Workups can be avoided if the physician considers the diagnosis in apparently healthy young adults who present with episodic cardiac, gastrointestinal, neurologic, and/or respiratory symptoms. The physician needs to be able to distinguish the symptoms of panic disorder from those of ordinary anxiety and also to rule out medical conditions that mimic panic disorder.

Neither conventional benzodiazepines nor psychotherapy alone is very effective in stopping panic attacks, but alprazolam, imipramine, and phenelzine are all highly effective. Alprazolam has fewer troublesome side effects, but patience and perseverance are necessary to reach therapeutic levels with all three drugs. Inadequate dosage is the most common cause of treatment failure. Most patients do well once their attacks are controlled and do not require close follow-up. Patient education is an important part of long-term management because relapses are common.     

The Slope of Change: An Environmental Management Approach to Reduce Drinking on a Day of Celebration at a US College

Abstract

Objective: This research extends the literature on event-specific environmental management with a case study evaluation of an intervention designed to reduce student drinking at a university's year-end celebration. Participants: Cornell University undergraduates were surveyed each May from 2001 through 2009. Sample sizes ranged from 322 to 1,973. Methods: Randomly sampled surveys were conducted after a large, annual spring campus celebration. An environmental management plan was initiated in 2003 that included increased enforcement of the minimum legal drinking age (MLDA) law. Results: In the short term, drinking at the campus celebration decreased while drinking before the event increased. Over time, the intervention significantly reduced high-risk drinking on the day of the event, especially among those under the age of 21. Conclusion: These findings are contrary to the argument that enforcement of MLDA laws simply leads to increased high-risk drinking, and therefore have implications for how colleges approach the challenge of student alcohol misuse.     

The debate over the joint parental responsibility model in Hong Kong

Hong Kong's Law Reform Commission recommended the joint parental responsibility model into Hong Kong's family law in 2005. A public consultation on whether to implement the model by legislative means was launched in late 2011. An Internet search and secondary analysis of public opinion about the model and its legislation was conducted. It was found that stakeholders held diverse opinions on the legislation of the model. The greatest concern is over the inadequate support to facilitate a workable relationship between separated/divorced parents, and the methods used in protecting victims of domestic violence from ongoing abuse due to the continuous contact with the abusive parent necessitated by the model. Non-resident parents are invisible in the debate. Their absence in the debate has made the consultation a partial and incomplete one, though it saves the discussion from a gender competition between fathers' rights and mothers' rights. Taking a historical and comparative perspective, this paper makes a comprehensive review of the debate in Hong Kong, with reference to the debate at an international level. Implications to the social work profession and social work practice are discussed.     

中国共产党凝聚力的内涵分析

中国共产党的先锋队性质和地位,决定了中国共产党凝聚力的特殊内涵。党的凝聚力从对象范围方面划分为党的内聚力和党的外聚力;从内容形态方面划分为文化凝聚力、政治凝聚力、物质凝聚力和其他方面的凝聚力;它们既相互区别,又相互联系;既相互制衡,又相互促进。由此得出党的凝聚力的特点和规律,并分析了增强党的凝聚力对我们党和国家的理想及事业的重大意义。     

How Living Wage Legislation Affects U.S. Poverty Rates

I investigate how living wage legislation affects poverty. I find evidence that living wage ordinances modestly reduce poverty rates where such ordinances are enacted. However, there is no evidence that state minimum wage laws do so. The difference in the impacts of the two types of legislation conceivably stems from a difference in the party responsible for bearing the burden of the cost.

习近平法治思想指导下坚持统筹推进国内法治和涉外法治

在高度全球化的当下,国际国内大局你中有我,我中有你,国内法治和涉外法治同步交织、相互影响。坚持统筹推进国内法治和涉外法治是习近平总书记从法治助力中华民族伟大复兴的高度,从法治保障国家战略目标实现的维度,从国际秩序调整和全球治理完善的角度提出的重要命题,是习近平法治思想的核心命题之一。这是中国应对世界百年未有之大变局的最佳选择,是中国积极参与全球治理,推动国际关系民主化的必然选择。坚持统筹推进国内法治和涉外法治,一方面要运用法治方式维护国家主权、安全、发展利益;另一方面要积极贡献中国方案和中国智慧,推动国际法治,构建人类命运共同体。     

略论行政合理原则

合理原则相对于合法原则要求更高,即行政机关作出的行政行为不仅要合法而且要合理,其产生的社会效果优于一般意义上的合法行政,它是政府行政活动的精细化模式。合理行政在适用过程中应注意3个问题：一是树立现代法治理念,注重对法治精神文化基因的培育;二是善于运用相关法律规则,消除行政行为中的＂机械化＂倾向;三是正确适用行为选择规则,＂柔性＂执法,权利优先,在法律没有明文规定的情况下,让合理原则在被法律疏漏的空隙间闪烁出尊重人权、公平正义的和谐之光。