忠实契约下石油装备闭环供应链对需求突发事件协调能力的实证研究

石油石化行业是中国的能耗大户,行业范围内的突发事件发生频率近年呈上升趋势,闭环供应链管理是石油装备制造业实现节能减排的重要手段。需求突发事件会给石油装备闭环供应链带来一定程度的影响。当石油装备的产品需求变化不大时,忠实契约参数可以保持不变,此时供应链具备协调性;当市场需求变化较大时,修正忠实契约参数依然可以使石油装备闭环供应链保持协调性。无论需求变化大小,石油装备经销商的市场回收价格均无需改变。     

两类广义字典积S_n[h_n]的点可区别边染色

研究了广义字典积G[h n]中G为n(n≥3)阶星Sn且与Sn最大度顶点对应的Hn-1分别为空图和完全图时的点可区别边染色.利用构造边染色的方法,得到了这两类广义字典积图的点可区别边色数.     

善行旅游:森林生态旅游开发的一种良好实践——以福州国家森林公园为例

善行旅游是一种新的、值得推广的消费文明,旨在促进旅游可持续发展理念和行为的有机融合,主要包括旅游利益相关者的"善行"和旅游资源与活动的"善行"两个方面,对推动森林生态旅游的实践进程大有裨益。以福州国家森林公园为例,发现福州国家森林公园发展过程中存在旅游文化内涵缺乏、交通不便、科普功能较弱、环保意识欠缺、资源与环境压力较大等问题,亟待解决。基于此,从善行理念的塑造与善行理念的践行两个层面,认为福州国家森林公园生态旅游开发应从文化环境的塑造、自然环境的保护以及利益相关者的善行实践等方面进行策略选择。研究证明,善行旅游是森林生态旅游开发的一种良好实践。     

时间洞察力视角下的森林公园游客忠诚研究

游客忠诚研究日益成为景区管理的焦点。基于时间洞察力的视角,构建游客动机、感知价值、满意度及情境因素对游客忠诚的影响机制模型,数据研究表明:求奇及熟悉动机、感知价值、游客满意及时间仓促等因素对游客忠诚各个维度存在不同程度的影响;随时间推移,游客因其人口学特征和行为特征的不同有不同的忠诚表现。今后景区管理者在游客忠诚培育时应注重细分游客客源市场,着力完善景区游客的情感形象,首先构建游客的态度忠诚。     

比较优势边界与国际贸易政策研究

用价值来衡量比较优势的利益存在货币幻觉等不足,应该用产量来衡量比较优势的好处。但是,采用aX/aY&;gt;bX/bY方法来定义的比较优势掩盖了比较优势陷阱。为深入研究比较优势和比较优势陷阱的关系,运用规范方法,采用aX/aY&;gt;1&;gt;bX/b_Y来重新定义比较优势,创造性地提出“比较优势边界——1”的概念。研究认为,根据比较优势陷阱系数,可以将比较优势陷阱分为“深比较优势陷阱”和“浅比较优势陷阱”,当比较优势陷阱系数等于1时,称为比较优势陷阱边界。同时,也可以运用45度对角线原则即比较优势陷阱边界——1来判定某国所处的比较优势陷阱路径,根据该路径可以分析其所实行的国际贸易政策的原因。     

我国民间文物鉴定人管理现状及其规范

随着文物交易市场的不断繁荣,民间文物鉴定行业的发展也突飞猛进。由于我国目前尚无规范民间文物鉴定人的法律依据与行业管理机制,导致文物鉴定水平良莠不齐,严重影响到文物交易市场的发展。我国目前采取的行政干预方式进一步加剧了市场机制失灵的现象,应当在借鉴国外经验的基础上实行行业组织管理与明确法律责任的双重规范模式。建议确立民间文物鉴定人的市场主体地位,建构文物鉴定人的准入制度,并明确鉴定人应承担的法律责任。     

Product universality and design for supply chain management

We describe our experience of developing models in which the principles of design for supply chain management (DFCM) have been implemented for new product development at Hewlett-Packard Company (HP). This experience arises from the development of a new product that is scheduled to be released in 1995. A key design decision faced by the product development team was whether to use a universal module or regionally dedicated modules to satisfy global market requirements. We describe a wide range of factors—including manufacturing and logistics costs—that could be used to support the design decision; these factors associated with product and process design contribute to tolal supply chain costs. We review the analytical model used to evaluate the cost and service implications of the two design alternatives. Finally, we discuss qualitative considerations that might influence the eventual decisions as well as the lessons learned from this real world experience.     

A routine-based framework implementing workload control to address recurring disturbances

Abstract

This research focuses on responsiveness in high variety manufacturing environments. To achieve it, the article proposes to develop Dynamic Response Capabilities (DRCs) of the manufacturing system defined as the abilities to readjust the planned operating parameters of workload, capacity, and lead time, in the wake of disturbances. To inform their development, built on the Workload Control theory, a routine-based framework is proposed. The framework supports an integrated approach for the implementation of adaptive decision-making routines for workload, capacity, and lead time readjustments at different stages in the order fulfilment process. Findings from two empirical cases show the appropriateness of the framework to develop and utilise DRCs in different settings of disturbances. Results of a simulation study, with one of the case companies, also shows the effectiveness of the framework to drive performance improvements in presence of recurring disturbances leading to demand variability.     

A Taguchi-based Kansei engineering study of mobile phones at product design stage

This article is aimed at applying Taguchi method in Kansei engineering and explores a way to integrate it into an industrial product design stage. Emotional customer needs are derived using Kansei image word pairs. The Taguchi-based approach is validated by a case study with mobile phones. Experimental work in implementing the proposed approach was able to suggest design attributes of a mobile phone that are essential to be considered at the product design stage to satisfy the customers’ expectations and hence to increase the company's sales.     

Modelling the tradeoff between postponement capacity and forecast accuracy

The ability to offer rapid delivery of a wide variety of customised products requires companies to maintain high levels of product inventories to quickly respond to customer demands. One alternative for reducing final product inventories while providing the required customer service level is delayed product differentiation, known as postponement. This strategy, however, can result in significant costs of increasing capacity at the postponement stage. Another alternative is to improve forecast accuracy, resulting in costs associated with more sophisticated forecasting methodologies. In this study we model the costs associated with each alternative and the resulting reductions in inventory levels, while maintaining a constant service level. We illustrate the interaction between these variables using a numerical example motivated by our work with a local manufacturer of non-durable household goods. Our findings show that large cost differences can exist between the two strategies, and that these costs play a significant role in determining the best strategy. Also, the value of the product (through holding cost) sets a limit on the benefit that can be realised by either strategy. These results have important managerial implications that should be considered when making the postponement decision.