Partners,Institutions and International Currencies: The International Political Foundations for the Rise of the Renminbi

The use of an international currency is not just a natural market phenomenon; it relies heavily on international political foundations. The historical lessons of the four major international currencies—the pound, dollar, euro and yen—show that a strong partner network and a favorable international institutional environment are the two major political foundations for the formation of a stable international currency. The rise of the renminbi, as a late starter looking to become a major international currency, depends not only on the requisite economic conditions but on governmental diplomacy aimed at attracting more monetary cooperation partners and creating international institutions that support its worldwide use. This strategy reinforces the political foundations for the rise of the renminbi. Building a network of partners supporting the renminbi as an international currency and creating a system of international monetary institutions are the real tests of the issuing country’s political leadership. This political leadership capacity has three dimensions: public trust founded on reputation building; a centripetal force driven by provision of benefits; and coercive force applied through sanctions. Comparatively speaking, the renminbi is still in the early stage of its ascent, so the development of its political infrastructure should concentrate mainly on gaining public trust through reputation-building and employing centripetal force involving provision of benefits.     

The duty to care and the need to split

This paper arises out of psychoanalytically oriented consultancy to teams of staff in the helping professions where there is a statutory 'duty to care'. It takes as its premise the seemingly paradoxical hypothesis that workers may need to split off part of their emotional experience in order to preserve their own mental health and provide reliable services to their clients. I argue that while a professional 'duty to care' requires us to be emotionally 'in touch', the demands of our clients together with the demands of the institutional response to the 'duty to care' cause us to split off parts of our awareness. I also argue that provided the splitting does not become extreme we are doing no more or less than the rest of society. In other words, there is a degree of 'normal splitting' which numbs our awareness of danger and destructiveness and seeks to protect us from too much anxiety and pain. Yet if professional workers are charged with the responsibility of assessing risk and acting accordingly for the protection of all concerned they need ways of being 'in touch' (re-integrating the splits) for some or enough of the time. Finally, I will describe ways of being 'in touch', illustrating the difficulty and the pain of re-integrating the splits and some of the insights that can arise out of this work with examples from my consultancy work.     

完善我国政策性房地产金融机构建设的思考

在市场机制存在资源无法有效配置的局限性下,商业性房地产金融机构与政策性房地产金融机构协同发展的同时,应更重视政策性房地产金融机构的发展。借鉴日本、韩国和新加坡的经验,我国政策性房地产金融机构应该在政府的支持下配合公积金项目,筹集社会各界资金,保障我国房地产业健康稳定发展。     

Trying to stay ahead of the curve in Chile's economic development: exploring a way out of the middle‐income trap through pragmatic export development

Underneath impressive growth levels, the Chilean economy displays signs of being caught in a middle‐income trap. It has been unable to improve its productivity, increase the added value of its exports or upgrade its value chain. Its economy cannot compete either with low‐wage countries or highly productive, innovative countries. Its export strategy based on export promotion seems to have outlived its usefulness. It achieved remarkable quantitative success, but must now attend qualitative attributes. Instead of regarding market‐driven export promotion and state‐led export development as substitutes, this article proposes to view them as alternatives in different stages of development. To choose the appropriate time, more attention should be given to non‐traditional, structural indicators, like export sophistication and political‐institutional capabilities.     

深化高等教育质量改革的几点思考

高等教育质量是高校得以存在与发展的命脉。中国高等教育转型给高校目标定位、优质教育资源、高等教育活动、教学管理与考试制度等方面带来了困扰，影响了高等教育质量的提升。战略上重塑教学中心地位，战术上瞄准高等教育自身活动的改革，引入竞争淘汰制，激发师生教与学的潜能，建构灵活开放的高等教育制度体系，根据人性理论以外力激活大学生学习的内力与自律，是提高高等教育质量的有效路径。     

高等院校职业化教育培养要素及其差异探究

我国高等院校开展职业化教育的重要性已被国内高等教育研究者广泛关注,但缺乏职业化教育培养体系的研究。高等院校职业化教育应以职业化的评判标准为基础,其核心是职业综合素质的培养。职业素质培养是高等院校职业化教育的最终目标,职业素养培养是高等教育职业素质培养的重要环节。可以根据不同类型高等院校的学生特点和培养目标开展适宜的职业化教育。     

法治视野下科研事业单位国有资产监管体制的风险拷问

科研事业单位的国有资产,不能因其资产的非生产性、无偿使用性、公共利益性就脱离法律监管的视域,因为法治精神意味着法律权威在监管主体和监管对象之间要建立约束与契约关系,故而以法治精神为参考坐标,可以清楚地认识到当前我国的科研事业单位国有资产监管体制存在着诸多漏洞和风险。     

论思想解放的内在机制

今天的解放思想已经从人类社会特殊历史时刻才出现的重大的思想和理论变革运动转变为社会发展的经常性、普遍化、常规化、常态化的内在要求和有机组成部分。解放思想是人之生存结构中给定性与创造性、自然性与超越性之间的张力和冲突的集中体现，它的动力机制和制约机制具体表现为：创新的与保守的思想观念之间的张力和冲突、开放的与封闭的思维方式之间的张力和冲突、现代的与传统的文化模式之间的张力和冲突。在新的解放思想进程中，我们不仅要积极推动各个领域各个层面的具体的解放思想；而且要高度关注解放思想的机制体制建设，特别是解放思想的文化创新机制的形成：营造尊重不同思想观念的制度文化，确立开放包容和求异创新的思维方式，培育尊重个性和创新的文化模式。     

Debt‐Relief Effectiveness and Institution‐Building

This article provides new evidence on the effects of recent debt‐relief programmes on different macroeconomic indicators in developing countries, focusing on the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPCs). The relationship between debt relief and institutional change is also investigated to assess whether donors are moving towards ex‐post governance conditionality. Results show that debt relief is only weakly associated with subsequent improvements in economic performance but is correlated with increasing domestic debt which undermines the positive achievements in reducing external debt service. There is also evidence that donors are moving towards a more sensible allocation of debt forgiveness, rewarding countries which have better policies and institutions.     

问题教学法与高校思想政治理论课教学

问题教学法是教师作为教学主体在教学过程中以问题为中心组织教学的方法。问题教学法强调探索和解决问题不仅是掌握知识的过程,而且是提升学生综合素质的有效方式。高校思想政治理论课实施问题教学法应注重以下环节：确立综合性教学目标,遵循问题逻辑构建问题系统,教师要在问题教学中发挥主导作用,激发学生的问题意识,以学生为中心展开问题教学。问题教学法对思想政治理论课教学具有特殊意义。