合同实际履行的价值重估--兼析对《合同法》第110条的理解

新合同法实施后，实际履行在合同履行中的价值需要重新定位。笔者试图从制度　比较分析和法经济学分析的角度对实际履行的价值功能提出一些看法，并对我国合同法　的相关规定作以初步探讨。     

Transition and Foreign Aid Policies in the Visegrád Countries: A Path Dependant Approach

The paper argues that the current emerging international development policies of the Visegrád (V4) countries are heavily influenced by the certain aspects of the Communist past and the transition process. Due to these influences, the V4 countries have difficulties in adapting the foreign aid practices of Western donors and this leads to the emergence of a unique Central and Eastern European development cooperation model. As an analytical background, the paper builds on the path dependency theory of transition. A certain degree of path dependence is clearly visible in V4 foreign aid policies, and the paper analyses some aspects of this phenomenon: how these new emerging foreign aid donors select their partner countries, how much they spend on aid, how they formulate their aid delivery policies and institutions and what role the non-state actors play. The main conclusions of the paper are that the legacies of the Communist past have a clear influence and the V4 countries still have a long way to go in adapting their aid policies to international requirements.

《德伯家的苔丝》的反讽叙事

反讽是《德伯家的苔丝》的一种基本叙事策略,其形式有言语反讽、情境反讽、戏剧反讽和结构反讽等,贯穿小说始终,其反讽叙事具有深层内涵,即通过多方面运用悖谬性的反差,颠覆了传统的灰姑娘童话叙事模式,并以一种冷峻和超然的态度揭露了维多利亚时代乐观主义表象下的悲剧本质,表现了作家对主流意识形态的疏离与否定.     

CROSSING TEHRAN AVENUE

The online city magazine TehranAvenue.com (TA) occupies the transnational crossroad of digital and urban space. It thus provides an important case study of how urban studies, postcolonial theory and critical cyber studies can be combined fruitfully to explain the potentialities and limits of digital and social networks in transnational Middle Eastern contexts. The article explores metaphors of the Internet as city, theories of transnational urban space and recent studies of the Internet and its politico-cultural uses in Iran to establish a theoretical method that can explain the simultaneity of local and transnational in digital and urban spaces. Qualitative data (email and telephone interviews with TA's founder, editor and contributors), combined with content analysis of the site, supports the claim that the city as metaphor and metonym can account for the intersection between contemporary North African and Middle Eastern digital spaces and national and diasporic urban spaces. The digital city – or blogabad – expands physical urban space into transnational networks. But there are important limits to the transnational reach of mediated social networking practices. In fact, the located identifications of web users are often much more important than the global reach of the technologies they use.     

社会企业概念探析——欧美地区比较视角

社会企业于20世纪80年代兴起于欧美国家,掀起了一股学术与实践热潮。文章从欧美地区比较视角切入,探析了欧美地区不同发展背景下社会企业的概念与内涵。欧美地区社会企业概念差异来自于不同的发展背景:由于美国非营利组织商业化传统和欧洲地区的福利国家危机,因而欧洲和美国学术界与实践界对于社会企业的概念界定也相应不同;美国社会企业从企业社会慈善到社会目的企业的社会企业光谱,而欧洲社会企业更强调社会经济传统下的具有民主参与特点的社会企业。     

Likelihood‐based and marginal inference methods for recurrent event data with covariate measurement error

Recurrent event data arise commonly in medical and public health studies. The analysis of such data has received extensive research attention and various methods have been developed in the literature. Depending on the focus of scientific interest, the methods may be broadly classified as intensity‐based counting process methods, mean function‐based estimating equation methods, and the analysis of times to events or times between events. These methods and models cover a wide variety of practical applications. However, there is a critical assumption underlying those methods–variables need to be correctly measured. Unfortunately, this assumption is frequently violated in practice. It is quite common that some covariates are subject to measurement error. It is well known that covariate measurement error can substantially distort inference results if it is not properly taken into account. In the literature, there has been extensive research concerning measurement error problems in various settings. However, with recurrent events, there is little discussion on this topic. It is the objective of this paper to address this important issue. In this paper, we develop inferential methods which account for measurement error in covariates for models with multiplicative intensity functions or rate functions. Both likelihood‐based inference and robust inference based on estimating equations are discussed. The Canadian Journal of Statistics 40: 530–549; 2012 © 2012 Statistical Society of Canada     

Bivariate censored regression relying on a new estimator of the joint distribution function

In this paper we study a class of M  -estimators in a regression model under bivariate random censoring and provide a set of sufficient conditions that ensure asymptotic n^1/2-convergence$n^{1/2}\mathrm{-}\mathrm{convergence}$. The cornerstone of our approach is a new estimator of the joint distribution function of the censored lifetimes. A copula approach is used to modelize the dependence structure between the bivariate censoring times. The resulting estimators present the advantage of being easily computable. A simulation study enlighten the finite sample behavior of this technique.     

弱d-仿紧空间

定义了一类新的拓扑空间—弱ｄ仿紧空间,并给出了它与次仿紧空间、ｄ正规空间、ｄ仿紧空间的关系     

Work histories and workers’ failure to satisfy pension contribution requirements: A comparison of Mexico and Uruguay

Comparing Mexico and Uruguay, this article examines the work history of workers and the challenges they face to satisfy the minimum contribution period for eligibility to receive a contributory old-age pension. Administrative data on work histories is used to formulate a survival model aimed at estimating hazard rates of entering and transitioning out of a given contribution status. This model is then used to perform a Monte Carlo simulation to forecast contribution histories. Results suggest that the hazard rate is negatively associated with the length of a worker’s spell in his or her current status and warn that, both in Mexico and Uruguay, a significant group of workers will find it difficult to gain entitlement to a contributory pension in old age. The manner in which each of these national systems has addressed the challenges associated with low contribution densities may explain the two countries’ very different coverage results.     

证券投资基金相对投资绩效评价

通过对基金之间的风险和收益的比较,运用DEA方法,提出用风险-收益相刘效率比-η系数(即以一定的比率δ增加投资的收益率的同时以一定的比率θ来降低风险水平)作为评价基金的投资绩效指数.结合各基金在不同时期的收益水平和风险水平,对投资基金的投资绩效进行综合评价.同时,对中国已上市的投资基金进行实证分析.