Inequality,happiness and relative concerns: What actually is their relationship?

This paper briefly and informally surveys different theoretical models of relative concerns and their relation to inequality. Models of inequity aversion in common use in experimental economics imply a negative relation between inequality and happiness. In contrast, empirical studies on happiness typically employ models of relative concerns that assume that increases in others’ income always have a negative effect on own happiness. However, in these latter models, the relation between inequality and happiness can be positive. One possible solution is a rivalry model where a distinction is made between endowment and reward inequality which have respectively a negative and positive effect on happiness. These different models and their contrasting results may clarify why the empirical relationship between inequality and happiness has been difficult to establish. I would like to thank Ravi Kanbur, Tatiana Kornienko and, especially, Andrew Oswald for very helpful comments. Any errors are mine.     

汉代《孟子》“传记博士”考论——兼论孟子其人其书在两汉的学术地位

关于汉文帝时《孟子》立传记博士之事,《史》、《汉》无明文,前人争论颇多。汉初之博士制度沿袭秦制,广立诸子而不限于五经,故《孟子》以诸子书而得立博士当在情理之中,且《孟子》尊立博士亦有汉代相关著述及记载作为佐证。《孟子》传记博士之罢黜,史籍无载,当在董仲舒对策,提出罢黜百家之后。《孟子》“传记博士”之名未必是文帝时的称号,可能是后人追称。《孟子》被称为传在西汉文献中难以见到,基本只见于东汉乃至魏晋六朝时期的著作。较之西汉,东汉《孟子》的学术地位和受重视程度有所提升,孔孟并称已成为一些学者的共识。     

人道立场向革命话语的潜进——论柔石审美心理结构的转换

作为一名受"五四"精神哺育的知识分子,柔石的作品从自悯、悯人情怀到拯救意识的凸显,再到革命的呼号,清晰地折射出了知识青年由人道主义转向"左翼"立场的心路历程.这种转换是世界革命文学的影响、革命青年的激进理想,以及理性效用的追求使人道立场让位于革命话语的自然转换.     

δ15N examination of the Lindeman-Hutchinson-Peters theory of increasin omnivory with trophic height in aquatic foodwebs

The advent of stable nitrogen isotope analysis in ecological research has at last enabled precise identification of trophic position and omnivory due to the differential enrichment of¹⁵N over¹⁴N with progressive assimilation up the foodweb. I compiled literature data on δ¹⁵N values in freshwater and marine foodwebs to search for qeneral patterns in omnivory, specifically the supposition originally proposed by Lindeman (1942) and most recently advanced by Peters (1977), that omnivory should increase with trophic height or position. Omnivory, measured as average intraspecific variability in δ¹⁵N, was indeed found to increase with trophic height, such that species at the top of foodwebs were comprised of animals relying, on average, on energy originating from a mixture of different trophic categories.     

虚拟组织:陕西高校组织结构的战略创新

通过对陕西高校的困境与竞争力现状的分析,指出其突出重围的关键在于组织创新,即建立大量符合知识经济特征的虚拟组织。只有这样,陕西高校才能成功地突破地域和资源的限制,实现真正的腾飞。继而阐述了虚拟组织形式对陕西高校的适应性和对其所处困境的化解,并列举了虚拟组织在陕西高校中的各种可能形态。     

20世纪美国的流派小说回顾

20世纪初的风云变幻,尤其是第二次世界大战极大地影响了美国社会,促使美国小说横向发展,形成了多种艺术风格的流派小说,早年的现实主义传统似乎要被逼出文坛了。但是,众多写作态度严肃而又卓有成效的小说家并没有放弃现实主义。实际上,他们的绝大多数作品也都是自觉不自觉地按照这个原则创造出来的。流派的众多,题材的丰富,艺术形式的五花八门,使美国小说的创作形成了空前热烈的局面。     

民族自治地方城市法律地位刍议

民族自治地方城市化是我国城市化的重要组成部分。我国民族自治地方城市化水平相对滞后,原因之一是宪法和自治法没有赋予民族自治地方城市以自治地方的法律地位。宪法和自治法赋予民族自治地方城市以自治州、自治县同样的法律地位,是自治地方城市化的必由之路和必然选择。     

花：李清照自我定位的意象分析

李清照在她的词中体现出明确的自我定位意识,本文通过对其笔下的“花”意象的诠解昭示了李清照生命流程中从少女情怀到思妇情结,从思妇情结到遗妇情怨的心态变化。从而彰显了其作为女性主体的性别意识。     

论西夏立国及其在中外历史上的地位

西夏王国是由党项贵族建立的,从夏州政权到西夏立国,经过李继迁、李德明、李元昊祖孙三代人的艰苦创业,政治经济文化均有所发展,在中国和世界历史上具有举足轻重的地位。     

青年女性在信息技术领域中的弱势地位及其对策研究

虽然越来越多的青年女性作为科技人员和女劳动力进入到了信息技术行业中,但是就整体而言,青年女性在信息技术领域中的比率仍然大大少于青年男性,仍是弱势群体。青年女性在信息技术领域的弱势地位,不仅对女性群体的发展带来了极大的消极影响,而且对信息技术的发展也是极其不利的。