Selection of error probability laws by generalized modified profile likelihood

Although error probability law selection of models of location-scale forms is of importance in some sense, the commonly used model selection procedures, such as AIC and BIC, do not apply to it. By treating error probability law as a “parameter” of interest, location and scale as nuisance parameters, this paper proposes that generalized modified profile likelihood (GMPL), considered as a quasi-likelihood function of error probability law, be used to select the error probability laws. The GMPL method achieves minimax rate optimality and proves to be consistent. Simulations show its good performance for finite and even small samples. Note that it is straightforward to generalize the GMPL of location-scale models to various models of location-scale forms particularly including the various linear regression models and their variations, to select their error probability laws. The author believes that GMPL and its variations would be quite promising for various model selection problems.     

英语和汉语中的礼貌用语及其文化价值

礼貌虽有普遍性,但礼貌原则下的各准则的重要性因文化、社会的不同而有所不同。本文旨在通过对英语和汉语中的礼貌用语进行对比,找出两种文化在遵循Leech的礼貌原则及其各准则上的差异,以及言语交际过程中对于礼貌原则的不同侧重点及其文化根源,以达到减少交际误会、更好地实现东西方跨文化交际的目的。     

浅议公益诉讼

公益诉讼是因保障公共利益而引发的诉讼。从某种程度上讲,公益诉讼的发达程度,直接反映一个国家的文明程度。在国外,特别是英美对公益诉讼的研究已经相当成熟,并建立起一套完整的保护公共利益的诉讼制度。在我国,随着公民法律意识和权利意识的增强以及侵害社会公共利益的行为日益严重,在司法实践中涌现了大量的公益诉讼,使公益诉讼成为了理论界和司法实务界关注的热点问题。文章将主要结合国外对公益诉讼研究的经验,围绕公益诉讼的概念形式展开论述,进一步阐述公益诉讼的意义,同时兼述公益诉讼在我国存在的障碍。     

我国商业秘密立法形式研究

在技术是生命、信息是金钱的时代背景下,企业之间的竞争日益演化为对新技术和经营信息的追逐、开发和占有,商业秘密日益成为竞争的关键要素和各国司法保护的新热点。本文介绍了世界范围内三种保护商业秘密的典型立法例,对我国商业秘密法律保护的现状、缺陷以及我国商业秘密立法形式的选择进行了研究,认为我国的商业秘密法律保护体系仍需完善,专门立法势在必行。     

关于完善贿赂罪的几点立法思考

随着经济的发展,贿赂犯罪的手段和方式等发生了许多新变化,本文认为,国家工作人员收受物质性利益应认定为受贿,受贿罪构成中应取消国家工作人员“为他人谋取利益”的必备要件和行贿罪构成中应取消请托人“谋取不正当利益”的必备要件规定、国家工作人员接受请托人性贿赂应认定为受贿等观点,建议立法机关对刑法相应条款进行修改。     

试论自然辩证法对英汉翻译学的指导作用

自然辩证法对于英汉翻译学具有不容忽视的指导作用。文章从自然辩证法中物质形态的特征、对立统一规律以及人与自然的关系三个方面,分别探讨了英汉翻译学的必要性和可能性、英汉翻译学发展的根本动力以及译者在英汉翻译活动中的主体地位,并强调了分析自然辩证法对英汉翻译学的指导作用对于英汉翻译学发展的重要性。     

Motivational or dispositional? The type of inference shapes the effectiveness of leader anger expressions

Existing leadership research has presented conflicting views on the effects of leader anger expressions. The present research aims to reconcile these findings by proposing that the type of inferences followers make (i.e., motivation-focused inference or trait-focused inference) is a key factor determining the outcomes of leader anger expressions. Through one survey study (Study 1) and two experimental studies (Studies 2 and 3), the present research indicates that the effectiveness of leader anger expressions is associated with the type of inferences followers draw from the anger. In general, we found support for the negative relationship between trait-focused inferences and leader effectiveness, but were unable to properly test the positive relationship between motivation-focused inferences and leader effectiveness due to the lack of appropriate instrumental variables. We also investigated whether followers' implicit theories of personality (i.e., entity versus incremental theory) would moderate the effect of leader anger expressions on the type of inferences made by followers, which in turn shapes leader effectiveness. The results of Study 3 provide evidence of the moderating role of implicit theories of personality. Theoretical contributions and practical implications of the present research are discussed.     

LGBT Rights Activism and Homophobia in Russia

This article explores how lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender/transsexual (LGBT) people’s perception of increasing conservative trends and negative public attitudes affected the development of LGBT rights activism in Russia. It includes following sections: (1) the analysis of the development of LGBT community and activism in Russia; (2) the investigation of public perception of same-sex relations and how LGBT people’s views of it affected their readiness to join activism; and (3) the examination of the state’s policy toward LGBT people in a wake of conservative discourse and its impact on LGBT activism and LGBT people’s willingness to get involved in it. The article concludes by considering implications that LGBT rights activism face nowadays in order to survive and continue its existence.     

浅谈音乐的内容与形式的关系--汉斯立克与卓菲娅·丽莎音乐美学思想之比较

以马克思美学思想作为基础,探讨音乐的内容与形式的关系问题,阐述汉斯立克与卓菲娅音乐美学思想的对立及各自音乐美学思想的依据.     

师法自然抒写心灵--石涛绘画艺术略论

石涛的绘画艺术和美学思想中蕴含着中国传统文化的美学基因,融合了儒家的进取精神和道家的自由精神,充分表达了心灵与自然之间的默契与和谐.