Organisation et institution: vers une socioéconomie de la firme?

The paper aims at showing that beyond its economic nature the firm is an organized social institution. The theory of the firm does not succeed in unifying in a single analytical framework both its institutional and organizational dimensions. In contrast, organization theory – notably organizational sociology – deals with the intertwining of these two existential elements of firms. The cross-fertilization which occurs between these two social sciences can be used to propose a real socio-economic theory of the firm.     

Book Reviews

This article does not have an abstract     

Networks,case managers,and the job-search experiences of unemployed people

Employment services are commonly provided in network settings, but it is rare to find social policy analyses of how unemployed people search for jobs through networks. In a germinal analysis of social networks and employment, Mark Granovetter argued that “weak ties” (less familiar contacts) are more important to finding employment than are “strong ties” (family and friends). This is because weak ties provide more novel job-relevant information. Scholarship since Granovetter has predominantly supported the opposite argument, namely, that strong ties are more important for the unemployed, because they are more plentiful and thus provide more information in aggregate. Findings are also generally coloured by the focus being on “informal” networks or personal contacts. “Formal” networks, as represented most cogently by employment service providers, are absent or underestimated in most social network studies. On the basis of a qualitative study of 80 long-term unemployed people in Australia, incorporating analysis of both informal and formal networks, we argue that although “strong informal” ties are vital to job search, it is also important to consider “weak formal” ties, which can be complementary if and where service organizations are able to supply positive case management experiences.     

银农关系与创业农户的信贷可得性

基于江苏省2015年633户创业农户的调查数据,运用需求可观察的双变量Probit模型对银农关系深度、广度和密度与创业农户正规信贷可得性之间的内在机制进行了分析。结果显示：关系深度中的信用社社员和信用户身份对创业农户正规信贷可得性存在显著的正向作用,关系密度中的银农距离和拖欠款经历则存在显著的负向作用,关系广度在竞争度低的农村信贷市场上负向作用不显著。此外,对于个体户和企业形式的创业项目来说,大部分金融机构仍将能否提供抵押物作为是否放贷的主要依据,而增加地方金融资源供给、引入市场竞争有助于提高创业农户获得正规贷款的概率。     

"形式蕴涵"方案能解决蕴涵怪论问题吗

近年来,有学者以罗素的"形式蕴涵"为工具,对化解蕴涵怪论反例的进路又作了积极而有益的探索.但仔细分析其化解过程及方法,实难说取得了预期的成功.因为形式蕴涵在根子上就无法解决蕴涵怪论问题.蕴涵怪论的根源不在于逻辑的形式化语言,而在于实质蕴涵与日常"若,则"句差异过大的矛盾.     

一种化简逻辑函数的新方法

介绍了一种化简逻辑函数的新方法。该方法是用寻找可消变量最小项求出本原蕴含项；用分析最小项的包含情况求出本质蕴含项；对大于四变量的函数采用分解变量的方法化简。该方法使多变量函数化简准确、迅速。文中实例的化简数据由自编软件给出。     

农村正规金融与非正规金融的减贫效应——基于PVAR模型的经验分析

采用面板向量自回归模型(PVAR)来研究农村正规金融、非正规金融发展的减贫效应。研究发现,农村正规金融发展存在一定的当期减贫效应,但持续减贫效应不显著。具体表现为仅在缓解农村贫困人口之间收入不平等程度上发挥了积极效应,而对减少农村绝对贫困人口数量和缓解农村贫困人口的收入短缺程度上没有发挥积极效应。农村非正规金融发展不仅具有较强的当期减贫效应,而且具有长期持续的减贫效应。其降低农村绝对贫困程度的效应要大于降低农村贫困人口相对收入短缺和收入不平等程度的效应。     

行业协会治理中的正式规则与非正式规则

正式规则必须以非正式规则为本源,尊重人们在经济交往中达成的共识才能发挥效力,正式规则将对非正式规则起到进一步固化作用,这是正式规则与非正式规则相兼容的内在逻辑。当前行政性行业协会治理机制失效的根源在于：协会中私人产权主体间非正式谈判机制的日渐形成与协会“自治权”缺失这一正式规则发生根本冲突,以及协会长期以来累积的工作习惯和传统作风这些属于意识形态层面的非正式规则具有较强的独立性,在短期内难以改变。     

Integrating a Top‐Down and a Bottom‐Up Approach: Formal and Informal Risk‐Handling Strategies in a Utility Company

In this study, we bring together a top‐down and a bottom‐up approach of risk handling. We do so by conceptualizing and qualitatively and quantitatively measuring formal and informal risk‐handling strategies in a Dutch utility company. We conceive of formal risk handling as regulating, training, and educating safety and enforcing rule compliance, while we distinguish three different informal risk‐handling strategies: discretionary specialization, tacit knowledge, and taking personal responsibility. We show that the formal risk‐handling strategy and the three informal risk‐handling strategies can be measured separately. Hence, we have validated the measurement of all four strategies derived from two different risk‐handling approaches. Moreover, we have demonstrated that the perceived use of the four strategies has different effects on unsafe behavior: formal risk handling and tacit knowledge decrease it, discretion increases it, and taking personal responsibility has no effect on unsafe behavior.     

论文学翻译中的形似

以描写和规定并重的方法 ,从语言的各个层面诸如语法、语汇和语篇着手 ,对文学翻译中形似的本质作了详尽的分析论证 ,从而得出文学翻译中贯彻适当适应和灵活对应的形似原则的必要性和可能性。并以诗歌翻译为例 ,分析了形似在文学翻译中的重要作用 ,指出形似的贯彻是延续原作艺术生命 ,实现文学翻译目的的关键