Sequential Procedures for Selecting the Most Probable Multinomial Cell When a Nuisance Cell Is Present

Abstract

This article considers the problem of selecting the most probable cell in a multinomial distribution in the presence of a nuisance cell. Two open sequential procedures are proposed and studied. One is a two-stage procedure and the other a multistage procedure.     

企业战略决策中的主观性研究

本文通过对常用战略工具的剖析,论证了战略决策中普遍存在着主观性的观点,并指出战略决策主观性产生的根源是经营环境的不确定性和决策者的有限理性,进而强调正是由于主观性的存在,才需要企业家和企业家精神.最后阐述了规范战略决策行为,尽量避免由于主观性可能带来的决策随意性的一些建议.     

社会主义初级阶段理论的形成和发展

文章回顾了在党的十一届三中全会以后改革开放新的历史条件下 ,社会主义初级阶段理论的形成与发展过程 ;参照马克思、恩格斯对未来社会主义社会基本规定性的预测和设想 ,以我国社会主义初级阶段的现实为依据 ,概括了我们社会主义初级阶段的基本特征。指出了社会主义初级阶段理论在改革开放和社会主义现代化建设中的重大意义     

The evolution and problems of model management research

Models are a key resource for organizational decision making. The diversity, complexity, and reusability of this resource result in the need for model management systems. The construction of a model management system involves a modeling task dimension and a design level dimension. The modeling task dimension consists of model formulation, model representation, and model processing. The design level dimension addresses the architectural requirements of a system from a user's standpoint and a computer system's standpoint.The numerous architectures suggested in the model management systems literature address isolated areas identified by these dimensions. The research surveyed in this paper indicates that the primary focus has been on the system view of model representation. Before model management systems can be widely used in organizations, model management researchers must explore systems that address all areas of the task and design level dimensions.In this paper, we identify and justify the necessary dimensions of model management research. Next, the existing model management research is critically reviewed. Finally, neglected research areas are discussed, and investigations necessary for the development of integrated model management systems are suggested.     

论共有人法定先买权

无论在美国法上还是在德国法上,先买权总是相对于第三人的一种特权。其配置之基础。绝非对于共有关系之简单否定,毋宁是在促进经济利益最大化之目标下,寻求单独所有与共同所有之间的平衡。从立法论角度考虑,使优先购买权具备形成权性质,更有利于立法政策之贯彻。“物权效力说”与“债权效力说”之争论是一场围绕伪命题的争论,至于共有人优先购买权究为对人的优先购买权抑或对物的优先购买权,则是一个依立法政策为转移的问题。     

论苏轼词的“词汇-语义”的触觉类、味觉类具象及其感知

诗词的语言,是感性的语言,是感觉的语言,是充满形形色色的具象的语言.从语言认知的"词汇-语义"的角度,比较苏词的触觉类具象、味觉类具象及其感知,是一种非常新鲜而有趣的的探索,这种探索有助于推动和革新中国诗歌的传统研究和现代研究.     

Is There a Place for Biopsychosocial Formulation in a Systemic Practice?

There is a long history of literature concerning integrative practice and how a systemic practice can fit with other models of therapy Much of this literature has focused on establishing a space for systemic therapy within the dominant medical paradigm, and exploring how the medical model can be enhanced by systemic ideas. The outcome has been better practice, especially in child and adolescent mental health. Interestingly, however, there has been less discussion of the converse: the family therapy literature has rarely considered whether or not systemic practice itself can be enhanced by ideas from the dominant medical model. This article proposes that a biopsychosocial formulation can enhance systemic practice by: (I) holding clinicians accountable for their thinking; (2) facilitating a rigour and attention to detail that may prove useful when therapy falters; (3) opening up other possibilities for intervention; and (4) providing a way to engage with the dominant medical paradigm and support clients in negotiating their way through this system. Potential problems nevertheless arise when integrating a biopsychosocial formulation into a systemic framework. This article identifies these problems and presents ideas for how they can be managed in practice.     

Shortcuts in complex engineering systems: a principal-agent approach to risk management

In this article, we examine the effects of shortcuts in the development of engineered systems through a principal-agent model. We find that occurrences of illicit shortcuts are closely related to the incentive structure and to the level of effort that the agent is willing to expend from the beginning of the project to remain on schedule. Using a probabilistic risk analysis to determine the risks of system failure from these shortcuts, we show how a principal can choose optimal settings (payments, penalties, and inspections) that can deter an agent from cutting corners and maximize the principal's value through increased agent effort. We analyze the problem for an agent with limited liability. We consider first the case where he is risk neutral; we then include the case where he is risk averse.     

释析政策制定中利益集团与精英政治的博弈

利益集团在当今公共政策制定过程中的作用已经越来越凸显。虽然在与精英政治的关系选择上,利益集团与精英政治既有矛盾又有整合,但是它所代表的“外输入型”政策制定模式却给精英政治所采纳的“内输入型”政策制定模式带来了直接冲击。     

Traffic engineering of tunnel-based networks with class specific diversity requirements

Tunnel-based networks such as Multi-protocol Label switching (MPLS) are suitable for providing diversity guarantees to different service classes or customers. Based on the number of active tunnels to handle, router capabilities can be taxed due to the limited amount of memory and/or processing power of these routers. In this paper, we present a mixed-integer linear program formulation for a traffic engineering problem where such tunnel restrictions are taken into account in addition to standard capacity constraints while addressing diversity requirement of services. Due to large size of the formulation, we also present an accompanied solution approach based on Lagrangian relaxation and sub-gradient optimization. We then present results towards impact of diversity constraint upon the tunneling and capacity restrictions. We observed that the networks having higher amounts of capacity and demands with higher level of survivability are much more sensitive to number of allowed tunnels in the network. The impact is even more prominent for sparsely-connected, large-sized networks.