Southern two-lined salamanders in urbanizing watersheds

Forested riparian buffers are an increasingly common method of mitigating the negative effects of impervious surface cover on water quality and wildlife habitat. We sampled larval southern two-lined salamanders (Eurycea cirrigera) in 43 streams, representing the range of impervious surface cover and forested riparian buffer width across Wake County, NC, USA. Larval abundance decreased with increasing impervious surface cover in the upstream catchment, but was not affected by buffer width. This is likely a result of an incomplete buffer system and culverts or other breaches along streams. Larval abundance increased with detritus cover in the stream to a threshold and then decreased as detritus continued to increase. As percent pebble substrate in the stream increased, especially in perennial streams, larval salamander abundance also increased. We suspect salamanders were unable to migrate with the water column during dry periods in intermittent streams with sedimented interstices below the surface, resulting in low abundances. A combination of increased peak flows and sedimentation, reduced base flow, and chemical changes likely reduces the abundance of salamanders in urban and suburban streams. We suggest creation of catchment-wide, unbreached buffers to maintain the integrity of stream habitats in urbanizing watersheds.     

生态建筑的设计原理

本文略论环境恶化的现况与起源,并阐述“生态建筑”的理念与其对环境永续的意义。提出“生态模拟”的概念,即由观察模仿大自然生态系统的运行模式,归纳出十大运行法则,作为城市与建筑规划设计的基本准则,并略述其在设计规划实务上运用的可能,推介“生态美学”的新世纪美学观念。以重新建构对生态环境无害的新时代建筑设计原理。     

The Association of Couples’ Relationship Status and Quality With Breastfeeding Initiation

Using data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Survey (N= 3,567), we examine the links between relationship status, relationship quality, and race and ethnicity in breastfeeding initiation. We consider four relationship types: married, cohabiting, romantically involved but not cohabiting (termed visiting), and nonromantically involved mothers. We find that even after adjusting for a wide range of sociodemographic factors, married mothers were more likely to breastfeed than unmarried mothers and that racial and ethnic differences in breastfeeding do not result from differences in marriage rates. Among unwed mothers, paternal provision of money or other assistance during pregnancy decreases the likelihood of breastfeeding. We conclude that relationship status, above and beyond demographic characteristics, is an important correlate of breastfeeding.     

“生态学”定义新解

通过对生态学发展史的剖析、对当前国内外多种教材中关于“生态学”一词的名词解释的汇总分析，结合自身多年从事环境生物与生态的科研与教学的经验与感受，认为“生态学”一词应该赋予新的含义，即：生态学是关于生物生存态势研究的科学。生态学的研究不能仅仅停留在生物与生物、生物与环境（生境）之间相互关系问题的研究上，而应该重视生物的生存现状及其发展趋势的科学研究，特别是关于生态系统发展趋势的预测理论、预测方法、预测手段等是时代赋予生态学研究的重要使命，拟以“生态学”定义新解抛砖引玉，唤起同行对新时期生态学重要使命的探讨。     

The coexistence of Fox (Sciurus niger) and gray (S. caroliniensis) squirrels in the Chicago metropolitan area

Two species of tree squirrel inhabit the Chicago region, the fox (Sciurus niger) and gray (S. caroliniensis) squirrel. Chicago residents submitted squirrel observations and associated landscape variables via a Website, allowing us to map squirrel distributions. Data were analyzed for patterns of correlation. At a smaller scale, we did a foot survey of fox and gray squirrels in the suburb of Oak Park, replicating an earlier study and comparing results. Gray squirrels were associated with densely populated areas, parks and campuses, fox squirrels with suburban areas. Compared to gray squirrels, fox squirrels were more likely to be observed in areas of high cat density. In the suburb of Oak Park, the current trend seems to be an extension of gray squirrel distribution and a decrease in fox squirrel distribution. Our study provides support for the idea that fox and gray squirrel coexistence is facilitated by a trade-off between managing the cost of predation and foraging efficiency, gray squirrels out-competing fox squirrels in areas of high food and low predator (or pet) density.     

"咸通"以后诗风流变的多元特征及其成因

唐懿宗咸通以后,军阀割据,宦寺猖獗,朋党构祸,文学生态环境遭到严重破坏,文人命运急剧恶化。在乱世政治文化的持久震荡下,诗人人格发生了多重蜕变,儒道精神与皇权意识丧失殆尽,追名逐利的仕宦人格与避乱出世的隐逸人格皆背"道"而驰。人格蜕变的多重性决定着诗风流变的多元走向,唐末诗歌或浅切,或鄙俗,或清丽古雅,或苦吟僻涩,清浊俱下而缺乏主流,其轻浅纤微的艺术风貌无疑是唐末诗人凄楚无奈的人格反映。     

关于城市生态文明建设的思考

在城市发展中我们要深入理解建设生态文明的重要性，完善有利于节约能源资源和保护生态环境的法律和政策，加快形成可持续发展的体制机制。使生态文明理念成为城市发展的不竭动力。     

马克思自然观的深刻意蕴及其当代意义

马克思自然观的基本特征,是马克思哲学视野中"自然"的社会-历史性质。马克思"实践的人化自然观"不仅强调人与自然是相互作用的,而且提出了人与自然矛盾的解决途径,其中蕴涵着丰富而深刻的生态思想。在今天仍然能够给我们以重要的理论启示和实践启迪。     

荒山景观生态建设的基本理论和原则

针对荒山特点,运用景观生态学观点对荒山景观生态建设的理论思想和原则问题进行了探讨。     

邯郸生态水网建设刍议

邯郸生态水网建设是对原有河渠和水利设施的修缮和恢复，并优化配置邯郸市的水资源，使其得到充分合理利用，为邯郸经济社会可持续发展提供坚实保障。