天山北坡经济带人与自然生态协调发展的实证分析

作为可持续发展的重要组成部分,人与自然生态的协调发展意义重大。作为新疆经济最发达的地区之一,天山北坡经济带中人与自然生态的发展状况处于何种阶段,不协调的因素有哪些,是否能适应可持续发展的要求,近来成为经济学家探讨的热门话题。本文从人口、资源、环境三个系统间的协调程度入手,借助历史数据,运用协调系数法和主成分分析法对天山北坡经济带人与自然生态的协调发展进行实证分析。     

An integrated approach to evaluating urban forest functionality

Despite the fact that forests in urban areas play multiple and often conflicting roles, research and management efforts are typically geared towards a single role or purpose. Urban ecology addresses this multiplicity of function by viewing human and natural systems in urban areas not as separate entities, but as interacting components of an integrated whole. We present an interdisciplinary approach for evaluating the different ways that forests are often valued: economically, socially, and ecologically in residential areas of King County, WA. Economic function is measured as the change in housing prices attributed to location on the gradient, using a hedonic price model. For social function we use a survey to measure (1) residents’ use of parks and forests, and (2) satisfaction with their neighborhoods. We measure ecological function as songbird species richness, using bird survey data. Overlaying the curves of economic, social, and ecological function on the common axis of our urban gradient allows for relationships and tradeoffs to be qualitatively evaluated. Each function responds differently to the gradient. The housing price response is strongest at high and low levels of urbanization, with positive premiums in both areas. Satisfaction with neighborhood attributes decreases with increasing urbanization, while the likelihood of mentioning ‘parks’ as an important element of a resident’s neighborhood increases. Songbird richness peaks in less-developed areas. Evaluating the different functions together is an important step in recognizing and understanding the multiple roles forested areas play.     

《瓦尔登湖》修辞特色赏析

梭罗以他对自然的沉思为主题，在他的作品《瓦尔登湖》中融入对自然的热爱，对自然的和谐关系的向往，以及对那个时代物质主义的批判，使得该书极具生态意义。作品在语言风格上也独具特色，多种修辞手法的运用增添了文字的优美和思想的深度，其中梭罗用大量的譬喻来描述湖畔的自然风光，运用拟人手法来传递自然思想，运用似非而是的隽语来揭露社会流俗，更有意味深长的双关，发人深思。无论在思想价值还是文学价值上，《瓦尔登湖》都是一部值得细细品读的佳作。     

生态隐喻方法论

生态隐喻方法是指通过隐喻性的类比，将生态学的原理和知识映射到另外一个研究领域中，从而有可能给新的研究领域带来新的启示的一种方法。生态隐喻方法现已成为一种系统科学方法的具体范式，已得到广泛应用，但也存在被滥用的倾向。为此，人们在应用生态隐喻方法的过程中，应注意其使用原则。     

蒙古族萨满教宇宙观与草原生态

萨满教是蒙古族古老的宗教,它产生于旧石器时代中晚期的母系氏族社会,其完备的自然宗教形态形成于新石器时代的母系氏族社会和金石并用时代的父系氏族社会。蒙古族进入奴隶社会后,萨满教亦从自然宗教向主神教过渡,成吉思汗建立蒙古帝国后,萨满教也步入了兴盛的顶峰时期。萨满教宇宙观包括宇宙形成或起源论、宇宙结构论、对天地万物的解读等内容。探讨分析萨满教宇宙起源论、宇宙结构论,对当代草原生态恢复与重建具有理论意义和实践价值。     

非物质文化遗产保护与"原生态"

原生态的词源意义表示一种历史上与现实中生活的真实状况,而原生态在时间意义上不可能回溯,在它的论证背后表现了一种文化心态的复古性。当下的口头与非物质文化遗产保护中更多包含历史的想象与观光旅游的经济驱动性,代表了文化危机中人们的某种悲剧理想诉求。     

西北生态脆弱区城市绿化及关键技术

以生态学原理和美学思想为宗旨,基于西北生态脆弱区实际,按照适地适树,地域生态特色突出,宏观与微观统一,耗水少的原则,科学、合理的构建层次多元、结构复杂、生态多样、功能最优的乔、灌、草相结合的复合型的立体生态绿地系统,达到西北城市生态的良性循环和城市可持续发展。     

构建和谐社会的行政生态分析

本文从行政生态学的视角分析了与构建和谐社会密切相关的行政生态要素。构建和谐社会作为一种行政理念的提出,本身就是对当前行政生态系统中从宏观到微观层面出现的各种行政生态问题的一种回应。构建和谐社会是一个系统工程,和谐的行政系统是其中一个重要的子系统,行政系统所处的外部宏观环境以及行政系统中的客观结构、主观结构和价值结构系统各自的和谐状况是实现和谐行政的基础,同时也是实现和谐社会的重要条件。     

论生态意、资源忧患与生态经济观

本文从生态环境及其危机意识入手,论证了生态经济观认知逻辑的起点,阐述了资源忧患的经济本质及其为生态经济观赋予的科学使命.文章指出,生态经济观的形成有望摆脱传统经济观念的窠臼,从而构建出谋求生态、经济、社会的全面均衡、持续发展的理念.     

Historical and theoretical perspectives in language policy and planning

This paper explores the evolution of language policy and planning (LPP) as an area of research from the end of World War II to the present day. Based on analysis of the LPP literature, three types of factors are identified as having been instrumental in shaping the field. These factors – macro sociopolitical, epistemological, and strategic – individually and interactively have influenced the kinds of questions asked, methodologies adopted, and goals aspired to in LPP research. Research in LPP is divided into three historical phases: (1) decolonization, structuralism, and pragmatism; (2) the failure of modernization, critical sociolinguistics, and access; and (3) the new world order, postmodernism, and linguistic human rights. The article concludes with a discussion of current research trends and areas requiring further investigation.