学业自我概念的建构研究述评

学业自我概念是指个体在学业情境中形成的对自己在学业发展方面的比较稳定的认知、体验和评价。学业自我概念的建构一直是研究者广泛关注的一个重要研究方向。目前,交互影响模型、大鱼小池效应、内/外参照模型及其相关整合模型是学业自我概念建构的主要理论模型,揭示了比较方式对学业自我概念建构的重要影响性。在未来的研究中要加强对学业自我概念建构的跨文化研究、加强不同比较方式之间的整合研究、改善学业自我概念的建构研究范式。     

回族文化的根本性特征

伊斯兰教是以商业文化为特征的宗教,中国回族继承了这种特征,以至形成了以商业为根本的民族文化,形成了清真寺、市场、回回社区三者相联系的空间格局。而回商不仅善于运用社会资本,理性地处理获得的财富,而且也是文化的载体或主体之一。     

How to test hypotheses if you must

Drug development is not the only industrial‐scientific enterprise subject to government regulations. In some fields of ecology and environmental sciences, the application of statistical methods is also regulated by ordinance. Over the past 20years, ecologists and environmental scientists have argued against an unthinking application of null hypothesis significance tests. More recently, Canadian ecologists have suggested a new approach to significance testing, taking account of the costs of both type I and type II errors. In this paper, we investigate the implications of this for testing in drug development and demonstrate that its adoption leads directly to the likelihood principle and Bayesian approaches. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

试论高校思想政治教育工作精细化的基本要求——内涵深化、制度完善和效率提升

将社会主义核心价值体系的培养渗透到高校思想政治教育的日常工作中,单纯的说教模式难以产生作用。在充分尊重当代大学生成长的心理特点的基础上,进行可适应性环境的塑造是思想政治教育工作要点。推动大学生思想政治教育管理精细化,需要深化教育管理内涵,完善制度建设,注重效率提升等,通过管理理念的转变将引导教育和关爱服务充分的结合,注重全过程、全员化育人氛围的形成,从而营造更有利的青年学子发展进步的成长环境。     

刘然《诗乘发凡》述论

刘然辑《国朝诗乘》附载《诗乘发凡》打破了选本凡例的常规,以65款的较大篇幅论及诸多诗学论题,具备了诗话之实。同时,它还拥有古代文学批评著作不多见的系统框架,加之内容、观点大抵言之有物,颇多真知灼见,且不乏创见,因而是一篇有特色、有价值的诗学著作。     

Language Generativity,Response Generalization,and Derived Relational Responding

Language generativity can be described as the ability to produce sentences neverbefore said, and to understand sentences never before heard. One process oftencited as underlying language generativity is response generalization. However,though the latter seems to promise a technical understanding of the former at aprocess level, an investigation of definitions and approaches to the term“response generalization” that appear in the literature suggeststhat it does not do so. We argue that a more promising candidate for the role ofkey process underlying language generativity is derived relational responding.We introduce the latter concept and describe empirical research showing itsconnection with language. We subsequently present a relational frame theory(RFT) conceptualization of derived relations as contextually controlledgeneralized relational responding. We then review a series of recent studies onderived manding in developmentally delayed children and adults that arguablydemonstrate the applied utility of a derived relations-based approach withrespect to the phenomenon of generative language.     

Minority sub-state institutional completeness

The institutional completeness model holds that minority groups best ensure their vitality through their own institutions. In this case study of Acadians in Greater Moncton, we explore the difference between institutions belonging to minority groups (e.g. churches, cultural associations) and those belonging to the state (e.g. schools, hospitals). Our focus on local sub-state institutions – institutions established and funded by the state but managed by citizens at the local level (e.g. school boards, health authorities, municipal councils) – shows that sub-state institutions have become more important than civil institutions in ensuring minority vitality. It also shows that while all sub-state institutions can contribute to minority vitality, some state functions and the sub-state institutions that wield these functions can contribute more than others. The model should be revised to give as much importance to sub-state institutions as civil institutions in its attempt to describe, explain, and predict conflicts between minority and majority groups.     

How do the news media frame crises? A content analysis of crisis news coverage

The present study is a content analysis of crisis news frames found in 2006 crisis news coverage. A total of 247 news stories were analyzed to examine which of five news frames (attribution of responsibility, human interest, conflict, morality, and economic) and level of responsibility (individual and organizational level) were used by the media according to crisis type. While the attribution of responsibility frame was the most predominantly used in crisis news coverage, the use of each of the five frames depended on crisis type. The use of level of responsibility also varied by crisis type and was related to the five frames; individual level of responsibility was used more with morality, human interest, and attribution of responsibility frames. Implications and suggestions based on the results were discussed.     

新兴技术类企业竞争优势的建立:基于认知框架视角的单案例研究

新兴技术类企业通常面临来自技术端和市场端的双重约束,探究如何建立竞争优势对企业成长意义重大。以认知框架和战略转型为理论视角,通过对北京得意音通技术有限责任公司的纵向单案例研究,考察了新兴技术类企业在不同发展阶段面临的约束,分析了认知框架和战略转型的互动作用,解析了竞争优势建立的内在机理。研究结果表明:首先,新兴技术类企业在发展过程中面临技术承诺惰性,导致企业逐渐失去技术先进性带来的先发优势;其次,战略转型能有效降低新兴技术类企业的技术承诺惰性,而竞争式建构能使企业重新获得市场竞争优势;最后,新兴技术类企业从技术端向市场端转移的过程中会面临合法性约束,企业采用聚焦式建构方式,创造了市场,提高了声誉,培育了企业核心竞争力。因此,新兴技术类企业应该更加关注技术与市场的整合,通过为用户提供技术解决方案和产品来提升市场份额;企业管理者应同时关注并获取技术端和市场端的信息,培育新兴技术类企业的竞争优势。     

连续刚构桥合龙顶推力优化计算方法

预应力砼连续刚构桥因其施工简单、造价经济、受力合理、行车舒适等优势迅速发展,但成桥后混凝土收缩、徐变及温度变化将对连续刚构桥主梁和桥墩的变形及内力产生较大影响.结合州河大桥工程实例,充分考虑确定顶推力的主要因素,对连续刚构桥合龙前顶推量取值进行研究.结果表明,合理的顶推力能显著地改善桥墩的受力.