老人和孩子：灾难性事件的一个新闻图片框架分析——以《人民日报》报道日本3.11大地震为例

老人和孩子已经成了灾难性事件的一个常用框架,《人民日报》一周内对日本311地震的报道,运用框架理论,具体分析新闻图像的框架效果,使得该结论能够应用到更广泛的大众传播中,达到更好的传播效果。     

刘然《诗乘发凡》述论

刘然辑《国朝诗乘》附载《诗乘发凡》打破了选本凡例的常规,以65款的较大篇幅论及诸多诗学论题,具备了诗话之实。同时,它还拥有古代文学批评著作不多见的系统框架,加之内容、观点大抵言之有物,颇多真知灼见,且不乏创见,因而是一篇有特色、有价值的诗学著作。     

混凝土箱梁顶板横向预应力框架效应分析

针对目前预应力混凝土箱梁腹板开裂现象比较普遍这一现象,拟从预应力混凝土箱梁顶板横向预应力框架效应查找开裂原因。首先,分析了箱梁截面参数对顶板预应力横向框架效应的影响,然后结合具体预应力混凝土连续箱梁桥,分析了预应力混凝土箱梁顶板横向框架效应所引起的腹板竖向拉应力,得到了一些有意义的结论,可为改进该类桥梁的设计提供参考。     

How organizational cognitive frames affect organizational capabilities: The context of corporate sustainability

We draw on the emerging literature on the micro-foundation of capability development to investigate the effects of the relative importance of corporate sustainability in a firm's organizational cognitive frame on the development of distinct organizational capabilities. Based on survey data from 124 Danish manufacturing firms and seven interviews, we find that the relative importance of corporate sustainability in a firm's organizational cognitive frame positively encourages the development of three organizational capabilities, namely, stakeholder integration, market sensing, and organizational learning. However, contrary to our expectation and reasoning, we find that the development of the strategic planning capability is negatively affected. Our findings provide novel empirical evidence and contribute to an improved understanding of the effect of a firm's organizational cognitive frame on the development of organizational capabilities.     

The impact of attitudes and behavioral costs on environmental behavior: A natural experiment on household waste recycling

Numerous studies have shown the importance of incentives as well as of attitudes in explaining pro-environmental behavior. Reported attitude effects, however, are generally rather small and exhibit considerable variation among studies. Different theoretical perspectives can account for this finding: whereas theories of rational action suggest additive effects of costs and attitudes, the low-cost hypothesis and dual-process theories imply interaction effects - in different directions, resulting from different mechanisms. The present study tries to overcome the shortcomings of past research by using advanced statistical methods to test competitive hypotheses in the context of post-consumer waste recycling. We utilize data from a natural experiment on recycling participation in Cologne/Germany (n = 1882) in which the incentive structure for recycling changed due to the conversion of the recycling scheme from a drop-off system to curbside collection. In order to avoid self-selection bias, we conducted pre- and post-treatment surveys and applied conditional fixed-effects regression models. We found that curbside collection had a strong impact on recycling participation and attitudes had a moderate effect. The interaction is negative but statistically insignificant. Our findings contradict the low-cost hypothesis and provide some evidence that environmental concerns moderate the effect of the recycling scheme. We cannot, however, reject the rational choice proposition of mere additive effects.     

心理表征隐喻与框架问题

心理表征是人类认识世界过程中必不可少的环节,它与隐喻有着极为密切的关系。隐喻既是一种修辞方式,也是一种认知和表征手段。心理表征的根隐喻主要有两种:一是逻辑隐喻,另一是比例模型隐喻,它们都有各自的优势。前者具有解释思想序列的保真性、解释的系统性、抽象表征性和描述性特征,后者具有易操作性、结构同一性、可测量性、易理解性和对框架问题的免疫性特征;前者通常会遇到框架问题,后者则对框架问题有免疫性。而仅依据内在和外在表征的区别来说明这两种隐喻对框架问题的敏感性是有问题的,因为这太依赖于固有和任意约束的区别。认知科学家常常以这两个隐喻为前提,试图通过机械化形式实现人的认知和思维过程,而这些也正是科学哲学家极为感兴趣并提出质疑的症结所在。     

话语理解中汉语隐性否定动词的框架转换及诱发机制研究

隐性否定是指一种形式肯定但意义否定的否定形式,这种否定在使用时没有句法层面上的否定标记,而是通过间接或者暗示的手段表达否定含义.本研究基于Jespersen对隐性否定动词所采用的划分方式,从中文语料库中选取四组隐性否定动词"避免"、"拒绝"、"否认"以及"怀疑"类,借助框架语义学相关理论,对它们在关键词激活环境下的框架转换现象进行研究.研究发现,在隐性否定的话语理解过程中,存在框架的转变,这一转变是由4个刺激条件(或诱发机制)引起的透视域的转变而引起的:语篇博弈效果;否定事件的主观否定性;事件表述的复杂性;隐性否定动词的语义内在矛盾性.该研究使我们认识到在实际语言交际中,话语使用者需要对语篇整体性进行思考,根据条件的变化而不断调整认知世界,以期实现语篇的正确理解,从而达到交际目的.     

How do the news media frame crises? A content analysis of crisis news coverage

The present study is a content analysis of crisis news frames found in 2006 crisis news coverage. A total of 247 news stories were analyzed to examine which of five news frames (attribution of responsibility, human interest, conflict, morality, and economic) and level of responsibility (individual and organizational level) were used by the media according to crisis type. While the attribution of responsibility frame was the most predominantly used in crisis news coverage, the use of each of the five frames depended on crisis type. The use of level of responsibility also varied by crisis type and was related to the five frames; individual level of responsibility was used more with morality, human interest, and attribution of responsibility frames. Implications and suggestions based on the results were discussed.     

论《三国演义》中的音乐描写及其功能

在历史真实的基础上,《三国演义》的作者结合自己对音乐的擅长,在战争叙事中穿插上大量有关音乐的情节。在整部小说中,这些富有诗韵的音乐叙述片段具有预叙故事、引出人物、推进情节、舒气杀势等叙事功能。它在衔接故事、凝聚结构的同时,给人以刚柔相济、张弛相间之美感。     

新兴技术类企业竞争优势的建立:基于认知框架视角的单案例研究

新兴技术类企业通常面临来自技术端和市场端的双重约束,探究如何建立竞争优势对企业成长意义重大。以认知框架和战略转型为理论视角,通过对北京得意音通技术有限责任公司的纵向单案例研究,考察了新兴技术类企业在不同发展阶段面临的约束,分析了认知框架和战略转型的互动作用,解析了竞争优势建立的内在机理。研究结果表明:首先,新兴技术类企业在发展过程中面临技术承诺惰性,导致企业逐渐失去技术先进性带来的先发优势;其次,战略转型能有效降低新兴技术类企业的技术承诺惰性,而竞争式建构能使企业重新获得市场竞争优势;最后,新兴技术类企业从技术端向市场端转移的过程中会面临合法性约束,企业采用聚焦式建构方式,创造了市场,提高了声誉,培育了企业核心竞争力。因此,新兴技术类企业应该更加关注技术与市场的整合,通过为用户提供技术解决方案和产品来提升市场份额;企业管理者应同时关注并获取技术端和市场端的信息,培育新兴技术类企业的竞争优势。