Weakly implementable social choice rules

Previous investigations have shown that a social choice function which is partially implementable must be characterized by pervasive veto power. This paper investigates how much additional latitude in the design of social choice functions, and how much relief from this vetoers result, can be achieved by examining multi-valued social choice rules and relaxing the requirement of partial implementability to a requirement that we call weak partial implementability. We find that the power structures which characterize partially implementable social choice functions, including the veto properties, also characterize weakly partially implementable social choice rules. The conclusion is that invoking multi-valuedness and implementation of appealing social choice rules in strong Nash equilibria. Our results apparently exhaust the possibilities for implementation in strong Nash equilibrium. If any implementation possibility results are to be achieved, they can apparently come only by weakening the equilibrium requirement.     

《共产党宣言》的人学蕴涵及当代价值

《共产党宣言》通过对资产阶级现实活动的为人和非人性质的分析，注目于无产阶级的现实际遇，形成了独特的马克思主义的人学蕴涵。而“自由人联合体”的阐发则是《宣言》人学思想的逻辑旨归和现实旨归。     

Detection and correction of artificial shifts in climate series

Summary.  Many long instrumental climate records are available and might provide useful information in climate research. These series are usually affected by artificial shifts, due to changes in the conditions of measurement and various kinds of spurious data. A comparison with surrounding weather-stations by means of a suitable two-factor model allows us to check the reliability of the series. An adapted penalized log-likelihood procedure is used to detect an unknown number of breaks and outliers. An example concerning temperature series from France confirms that a systematic comparison of the series together is valuable and allows us to correct the data even when no reliable series can be taken as a reference.     

浅谈习语英译方法

本文论述了英语习语的几种主要的翻译方法 ,其目的是为了解决习语翻译中的困难。运用直译法可以尽量保持原文的民族形式和风格 ;运用修辞法等其它方法可以避免字字对译带来的问题。     

Estimation of Metabolic Rate Constants in PBPK‐Models from Liver Slice Experiments: What Are the Experimental Needs?

A mechanistic model is presented describing the clearance of a compound in a precision-cut liver slice that is incubated in a culture medium. The problem of estimating metabolic rate constants in PBPK models from liver slice experiments is discussed using identifiability analysis. From the identifiability problem analysis, it appears that in addition to the clearance, the compound's free fraction in the slice and the diffusion rate of the exchange of the compound between culture medium and liver slice should be identified. In addition, knowledge of the culture medium volume, the slice volume, the compound's free fraction, and octanol-water-based partition between medium and slice is presupposed. The formal solution for identification is discussed from the perspective of experimental practice. A formally necessary condition for identification is the sampling of parent compound in liver slice or culture medium. However, due to experimental limitations and errors, sampling the parent compound in the slice together with additional sampling of metabolite pooled from the medium and the slice is required for identification in practice. Moreover, it appears that identification results are unreliable when the value of the intrinsic clearance exceeds the value of the diffusion coefficient, a condition to be verified a posteriori.     

村民自治的公共选择研究

选举制度是民主制度的核心 ,选举的得失直接关系到民主的真实性。选举过程是选民和候选人的互动过程 ,他们为了各自的利益而进行角逐。必须以选举理论指导村民选举的实践     

学习化社会的生存选择

文章认为学习化社会是人类社会发展的必然趋势 ,并通过对学习化社会基本特征的分析 ,强调指出终身学习是在学习化社会中求得生存的根本途径 ,而创新性学习是在学习化社会中取得成功的源泉和动力。通过对终身学习思想和时代背景的介绍 ,强调了终身学习要实现时间上的连续性和空间上的广延性 ;通过对创新性学习的认识 ,指出要实现创新性学习必须善于思考、掌握方法、乐于学习和进行系统学习。     

回望百年——论中国新诗的历史经验

晚清诗界革命主张以新意境和新语句入诗,但又不能摆脱和突破旧诗格调,诗界革命未能成功。中国新诗的创立,不能无视或绕过近代诗歌改良运动的主张和实践。近代诗界革命是“五四”新诗革命的先驱,它是中国新诗运动的前奏。鸦片战争以来的社会危机,是中国新诗产生的巨大背景,新诗运动的目的、方向及价值取向均取决于此。对新诗社会功利的超常重视,是新诗发展过程中诸多矛盾的症结所在。内容与形式、传统与现代、中国与西方、格律与自由,这些问题一直困扰着中国新诗。     

古代建筑书籍翻译的特点及直译与意译互用

中国几千年文化博大精深,中国古代建筑在世界建筑史上享有盛名。怎样让外国读者看懂并欣赏中国古代建筑文化,是外语工作者肩负的重任。文章从介绍反映安徽古代建筑书籍翻译中的特点入手,阐述译者应采用直译与意译互用的手法,把安徽古建筑的风貌展示在中外读者面前。     

平等与收益的两难抉择--助学贷款政策的国际比较研究

为了体现教育的平等化原则以及减轻财政负担,世界各国政府纷纷推行助学贷款制度,然而在决策中却遇到了平等和效率的两难抉择。面对困境,各国政府做出了各自的决策,有的注重公平,有的注重效率,有的试图兼顾公平和效率,其中的得失成败,可为我国的政策抉择提供借鉴。