基于粗糙集理论的项目评价方法研究

项目评价是项目管理中非常重要的一个环节,传统的评价方法或者带有太多的专家经验(主观的先验信息),或者对海量且含有噪音的数据缺乏有效的处理方法,从而导致对项目的评价在客观性和准确性方面存在不尽人意。粗糙集理论是波兰数学家Z.Pawlak在1982年提出的一种处理不完整数据、不精确知识的方法,现已在众多领域得到应用[6]。本文利用粗糙集理论的方法来对项目进行评价,不依靠主观推断,完全由数据驱动推理的机理来获得客观真实的结论。最后通过例子说明了该方法的有效性。     

惯用语的定义与熟语的分野

熟语包不包括惯用语和常用语 ,应该怎样给惯用语下定义 ,这些都是语言学家们多年遗留下来的难题。根据惯用语和常用语的特点 ,它们应该属于熟语的范畴 ,所以熟语应该包括成语、谚语、格言、歇后语、惯用语、常用语六种。关于惯用语的专著文章虽然不少 ,但是其定义或宽或窄 ,或避而不谈 ,绕着道走。惯用语是与成语、谚语、格言、歇后语并列的 ,语法结构不同于通常的语言习惯 ,或整体意义不同于字面意义的熟语。常用语是语法搭配符合常规 ,字面意义和整体意义完全吻合的三字格熟语。它是语言学的术语 ,非口语中通常所说的经常用的语言。     

反身代词"自己"语义指向的功能解释

从功能的角度看,反身代词入句除了从句子本身可以离析出叙述者和听(读)者来外,它还同时并存着同指对象和语义联项."自己"一般遵循以叙述者为基点的行为事件参与角色最短空间距离同指原则.当最短距离参与角色和行为事件表示的概念与事实相悖,或叙述者有意凸显与其空间距离较远的行为事件参与角色时,它便越级同指相应的下一个最短空间距离参与角色.在"句内联项句内指"这一平台上,在参与角色及其行为构成的行为事件都符合事理的情况下,如果参与角色人称相同(通常是第三人称),整个句子便存在歧义.     

关于具有给定宽度函数凸集的最大面积

平面几何学的知识告诉我们,在具有相同周长的所有平面有界闭区域中以圆的面积为最大。那么在具有相同宽度函数的所有有界闭凸集中何者面积为最大呢?本文解决了这个问题,并求出了这个最大面积,给出了最大面积的求解公式。     

INTERRELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN lP-ISOTROPIC DENSITIES AND lP-ISOTROPIC SURVIVAL FUNCTIONS, AND DE FINETTI REPRESENTATIONS OF SCHUR-CONCAVE SURVIVAL FUNCTIONS

Interrelationships between l_P-isotropic densities and l_P-isotropic survival functions are studied. We obtain representations for densities whose survival functions are l_P-isotropic and for survival functions whose densities are l_P-isotiopic. The former are mixtures of products of Weibull densities and the latter are mixtures of products of Gamma survival functions. Based on a theorem proved by Cooke, we show that de Finetti representations for Schur-concave survival functions that have the same level sets as a product measure can be represented as mixtures of products of increasing failure rate survival functions.     

子目录隐含加密之再研究

在找出 PCTOOLS 显示子目录时其目录项必须满足的四个条件后.提出了如何使子目录在 PCTOOLS 下不被显示的对策.归纳出了两个在子目录隐含加密方面具有重要作用的公式,给出了四个具体的子目录隐含加密法,最后举了一个加密实例.     

Pairwise orthogonal F-rectangle designs

The concept of pairwise orthogonal Latin square design is applied to r row by c column experiment designs which are called pairwise orthogonal F-rectangle designs. These designs are useful in designing successive and/or simulataneous experiments on the same set of rc experimental units, in constructing codes, and in constructing orthogonal arrays. A pair of orthogonal F-rectangle designs exists for any set of v treatment (symbols), whereas no pair of orthogonal Latin square designs of order two and six exists; one of the two construction methods presented does not rely on any previous knowledge about the existence of a pair of orthogonal Latin square designs, whereas the second one does. It is shown how to extend the methods to r=pv row by c=qv column designs and how to obtain t pairwise orthogonal F-rectangle design. When the maximum possible number of pairwise orthogonal F-rectangle designs is attained the set is said to be complete. Complete sets are obtained for all v for which v is a prime power. The construction method makes use of the existence of a complete set of pairwise orthogonal Latin square designs and of an orthogonal array with vⁿ columns, (vⁿ−1)/(v−1) rows, v symbols, and of strength two.     

论仲裁协议效力认定的依据

仲裁协议效力认定的依据为仲裁协议的独立性、仲裁协议有效的形式要件和仲裁协议有效的实质要件。其中 ,仲裁协议有效的实质要件包括请求仲裁的意思表示、仲裁事项和仲裁委员会。     

Combination of Cancer Data in Quantitative Risk Assessments: Case Study Using Bromodichloromethane

There are often several data sets that may be used in developing a quantitative risk estimate for a carcinogen. These estimates are usually based, however, on the dose-response data for tumor incidences from a single sex/strain/species of animal. When appropriate, the use of more data should result in a higher level of confidence in the risk estimate. The decision to use more than one data set (e.g., representing different animal sexes, strains, species, or tumor sites) can be made following biological and statistical analyses of the compatibility of these data sets. Biological analysis involves consideration of factors such as the relevance of the animal models, study design and execution, dose selection and route of administration, the mechanism of action of the agent, its pharmacokinetics, any species- and/or sex-specific effects, and tumor site specificity. If the biological analysis does not prohibit combining data sets, statistical compatibility of the data sets is then investigated. A generalized likelihood ratio test is proposed for determining the compatibility of different data sets with respect to a common dose-response model, such as the linearized multistage model. The biological and statistical factors influencing the decision to combine data sets are described, followed by a case study of bromodichloromethane.     

基于统计学变量筛选方法的心理测验题目的维度识别

近年来多维心理测验被广泛应用于各类评估,虽然编制测验时知道整个测验考察的潜在特质(或称为维度),但是测验题目具体考察的维度仍需确定。借助多维项目反应理论模型与广义线性模型的关系,使用LASSO和弹性网两种变量筛选方法,可解决测验题目的维度识别问题。模拟研究发现,LASSO方法比弹性网方法具有更好的维度识别效果,前者对不同类型的多维测验具有较高的维度识别准确率。