医学科研项目的风险管理对策研究

医学科研项目存在着投入资金高、研发周期长、失败率高以及实验环节多等特点,其研究结果往往具有不确定性和不可预期性,因此,有必要从项目的风险角度来进行管理,以规避项目过程的风险.文章旨在对医学科研项目风险成因分析的基础上,较为系统地提出项目风险管理对策.根据项目实施流程,设计医学科研项目风险管理流程,具体分析了立项、实施、结题的不同阶段其风险管理的特点,以期为我国逐步形成医学科研项目风险管理的科学方法提供有益的理论参考.     

The Capability Approach and Fuzzy Poverty Measures: An Application to the South African Context

One way of making the capability approach (CA) operational uses fuzzy poverty measures. In this paper, we present a new approach to applying these measures in the South African context using responses to a questionnaire on ‘The Essentials of Life’ in conjunction with a methodology for dealing with the vagueness of poverty. Our results suggest very low cut-offs for people or households to classify as definitely poor for some social indicators. These cut-offs are far lower than those Klasen used in his application of the CA. The attempt to apply the CA using Cheli and Lemmi’s ‘totally fuzzy and relative’ poverty measure in conjunction with our approach to specifying cut-offs can lead to incoherence. This measure can, nonetheless, be useful when social indicators have a ‘relativist component’. While the Cerioli and Zani measure does not lead to such incoherence, it also has a serious weakness.     

Techniques For Developing Health Quality of Life Scales for Point of Service Use

Clinical and health policy research frequently involves health status measurement using generic or disease specific instruments. These instruments are generally developed to arrive at several scales, each measuring a distinct domain of health quality of life (HQOL). Clinical settings are starting to explore how to integrate patient perspectives of HQOL outcomes into patient care. However, the length of many HQOL instruments poses a challenge in terms of patient burden, as well as clinic flow time. The most popular paradigm for scale construction utilizes classical test theory methodology and can lead to excessive and redundant items in an effort to bolster reliability measurements such as Cronbach’s alpha above levels of accepted reliability. This paper presents techniques for utilizing item response theory to arrive at single item scales that are diagnostically informative and short enough to have clinical utility. A danger of such dramatic scale reduction is that validity might be compromised. This danger is addressed in terms of criterion related validity and sensitivity to clinical changes over a 36 months period. The reduction methods are illustrated using selected scales from the Arthritis Impact Measurement Scales 2 (AIMS2) with data obtained from the study Pharmaceutical Care Outcomes: The Patient Role (PCOPR).     

Stochastic Choice and Consideration Sets

We model a boundedly rational agent who suffers from limited attention. The agent considers each feasible alternative with a given (unobservable) probability, the attention parameter, and then chooses the alternative that maximizes a preference relation within the set of considered alternatives. We show that this random choice rule is the only one for which the impact of removing an alternative on the choice probability of any other alternative is asymmetric and menu independent. Both the preference relation and the attention parameters are identified uniquely by stochastic choice data.     

基于流数据频繁项挖掘的可疑金融交易识别研究

针对目前基于静态数据挖掘的可疑交易识别方法在处理该类交易数据时所面临的困难与局限性,结合可疑金融交易的特征,设计了基于流数据频繁项挖掘的可疑金融交易识别算法。该算法改进了有损计数法,利用实时保留的具有较高重复度的历史数据项解决了数据处理过程中的过度删除问题,实现了对频度列表中项的及时更新,并依据从数据流中识别出的频繁项来发现可疑金融交易线索。仿真实验结果验证了该算法的可行性和有效性。     

商务酒店客房空间形态探讨

以商务酒店客房为研究对象,结合对商务酒店客房使用主体的调查分析,探讨了商务酒店客房的发展趋势。通过对客房空间的建筑设计研究,针对商务酒店客房日益增长的舒适度要求,提出一些可行性建议。在客房的功能构成以及空间尺度等方面进行了分析,给出了商务酒店客房的房型配置和面积指标的参考意见。     

从《新中国出土墓志》看《汉语大词典》之微瑕

出土文献具有不可替代的价值,以《新中国出土墓志》为例,其所贮存的一些语料在训诂学、辞书学上都具有重要的意义。以之对照《汉语大词典》,便可发现其在词目、释义和书证等方面还存在着小小的疏失。因此,充分利用出土文献及其最新研究成果,对于《汉语大词典》的修订和汉语词汇史的研究都不无裨益。     

全生命显著性造价物流集成化优化方法研究

物流集成化技术是一个管理工具,提供了初始的设计和控制,确保客户在整个生命期内获得迅速有效和具有经济支持的资产。物流集成化技术最初应用于国防工业,并得到了成功地应用,目前国外将该技术应用于建筑业处于尝试阶段。结合房屋建筑工程,从全生命周期造价和显著性成本理论角度,介绍了物流集成化技术在可行性研究和设计阶段确定最优投资和设计策略、指导工程数据库建设的贡献,从而降低了全生命周期造价,并使其得到合理优化。     

从关联理论看话语语境对词项语义认知的效应

语境对语言或言语的认知产生直接或间接的影响。论文以关联理论为基础,从词项与语义层面来探讨语境对话语含义的效应。话语中的词汇意义分显性意义和隐性意义。前者指词的字面意义;后者超乎字面意义,需要听者去领悟。人们所处的时代背景、知识修养、民族文化、社会习俗及使用的语体(或变体)等不同,都会使语境对话语的理解产生偏离或误读。解决这一问题的途径是随时准确把握话语语境的变迁。文章着重探讨三个层面的问题:1.语境分类与功能的利用;2.语境信息与语义认知;3.信息传递技巧与隐性意义的结缘。