《公司法》取消企业提取法定公益金的博弈

国家与时俱进修改《公司法》,取消了企业提取法定公益金的规定;法定公益金失去存在的理论基础和现实意义;取消法定公益金有利于培育投资环境、有利于更好的维护员工利益、有利于和谐社会的构建。     

Child labour measurement: Whom should we ask?

Funding decisions to support vulnerable children are tied to child labour statistics, hence the importance of an accurate measurement. The author analyses whether the type of respondent plays an important role in explaining variations in child labour statistics. Using data from two sites in Tanzania, the analysis shows that “whom we ask” matters considerably when estimating the prevalence of child labour. The results suggest that prevalence increases by approximately 35 to 65 per cent when using child self‐reports rather than proxy reports. This bias affects 14 to 31 per cent of the sample, depending on the indicator. Discrepancies decrease as the child ages and increase if proxy attitudes demonstrate opposition to child labour.     

Mesurer le travail des enfants: qui faut‐il interroger?

La mesure du travail des enfants est une entreprise difficile et incertaine, mais cruciale puisque le ciblage de l'aide en dépend. Dans ce contexte, l'auteure montre à partir de données tanzaniennes, et en utilisant deux définitions du travail des enfants, que le choix du répondant influe considérablement sur les chiffres obtenus, supérieurs de 35 à 65 pour cent quand ce sont les déclarations des enfants qui sont prises en compte plutôt que celles des adultes. Le biais touche 14 à 31 pour cent de l'échantillon. L'écart diminue avec l'âge de l'enfant et se creuse lorsque le répondant adulte est hostile au travail des enfants.     

西部地区社会保障体系的模式设计与理论创新

西部地区的经济发展需要社会保障制度为其构筑一道“安全网”。回顾西部地区社会保障的发展历史,从社会保障中几个重要指标出发对西部地区社会保障制度作出绩效评估、分析其原因,并且提出西部地区建立覆盖城乡居民的社会保障体系的基本框架、实现路径、步骤与措施。     

Nonparametric control charts based on runs and Wilcoxon-type rank-sum statistics

In this article, we introduce three new distribution-free Shewhart-type control charts that exploit run and Wilcoxon-type rank-sum statistics to detect possible shifts of a monitored process. Exact formulae for the alarm rate, the run length distribution, and the average run length (ARL) are all derived. A key advantage of these charts is that, due to their nonparametric nature, the false alarm rate (FAR) and in-control run length distribution is the same for all continuous process distributions. Tables are provided for the implementation of the charts for some typical FAR values. Furthermore, a numerical study carried out reveals that the new charts are quite flexible and efficient in detecting shifts to Lehmann-type out-of-control situations.     

多维视角下的元杂剧研究述评

20世纪元杂剧研究成就巨大,元杂剧研究更成为一门体系性的学科。关于元杂剧的研究文献相当丰富,研究者从各方面对元杂剧进行研究,如元杂剧的题材来源、元杂剧中所体现出的民俗文化、元杂剧所体现的语法、元代文人与杂剧兴盛相互关系等。总体看来,研究者研究方法的多样性和研究视角的多维性是20世纪元杂剧研究的主要特点。     

执行国际人发大会《行动纲领》国际社会和各国资金投入状况综述

1994年联合国人口与发展大会后 ,全球用于人口活动的国际援助和国内资金投入逐年增加 ,其总数达到约 110亿美元。国际援助主要包括捐助国双边援助、联合国系统的多边援助及非政府组织私人捐助等。 1999年国际援助达到 2 2亿美元 ,各国国内用于人口活动的资金开支估计达到89亿美元。国际援助资金与联合国人发大会《行动纲领》确定的 2 0 0 0年国际援助应为 5 7亿美元的目标相比 ,仍有较大距离 ,仅达到这一目标的 38%多一点。资金缺乏仍然是限制全面执行《行动纲领》的主要问题之一。     

The efficiency of mutual fund companies: Evidence from an innovative network SBM approach

This paper is the first DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis) evaluation of the efficiency of a sample of mutual fund companies in a large Euro fund industry, i.e. Spain. Our novel network model links the efficiency of the core activities (portfolio management and marketing/distribution) of a mutual fund company to the efficiency of its operational management function. Our results highlight the important networking effects at the marketing stage and question the prime role of portfolio management skills in the overall efficiency of a mutual fund company. The evaluation of robust efficiency clusters indicates that the efficiency rankings obtained with our network model persist significantly along our sample period. Finally, the application of the SBM (Slacks-Based Measure) Variation III to our network model allows us to identify a large number of globally inefficient but locally efficient companies with reference to competitors with similar management resources.     

From Source to Evidence? Teachers' Use of Historical Sources in Their Classrooms

To explore questions in history and to construct historical narratives, historians work with evidence from the past. This approach to teaching history (inquiry involving the use of evidence) is an accepted part of the research on history teaching and is promoted widely in standards frameworks and practitioner publications as “good history instruction.” What happens in a standards-based setting where teachers are covering large bodies of content? Do teachers use sources as part of their daily instruction? If so, how? We were afforded the unique opportunity to spend time observing what 35 teachers do by analyzing 352 videos submitted over a 4-year time span. We observed a spectrum of source use within and across teacher practice. In this article we share what we noticed.     

体育产业的投融资环境建设:市场及参与者

本文运用文献资料法,数理统计法对投融资环境、产业投资基金等体育产业发展的投融资因素进行了分析与讨论。统计分析表明:投融资环境的有效发展是促进经济发展的主要方面。促进资本市场的建设及发展产业投资基金对于体育产业的发展来说是至关重要的。通过市场建设及产业投资基金的发展,不仅能通过增加流动性提高体育资产的价值,也能增加市场对资源的配置效率,有力地促进整个体育产业的发展。