一种新的右手定则替代佛莱铭左手及右手定则

大凡读过高中的人,都知道佛莱铭左手和右手定则,这种左、右定则很容易记错,有时要将手扭歪才能判定其方向,很难运用．为了方便学生记忆及方便判定方向,设法设计出一种新的右手定则,可以同时判定磁场对电流的作用力及磁场中导线所产生的感生电流的方向,显然这种右手定则是一个创新．     

On confidence intervals for the mean past lifetime function under random censorship

The mean past lifetime (MPL) function (also known as the expected inactivity time function) is of interest in many fields such as reliability theory and survival analysis, actuarial studies and forensic science. For estimation of the MPL function some procedures have been proposed in the literature. In this paper, we give a central limit theorem result for the estimator of MPL function based on a right-censored random sample from an unknown distribution. The limiting distribution is used to construct normal approximation-based confidence interval for MPL. Furthermore, we use the empirical likelihood ratio procedure to obtain confidence interval for the MPL function. These two intervals are compared with each other through simulation study in terms of coverage probability. Finally, a couple of numerical example illustrating the theory is also given.     

Improved likelihood inferences for Weibull regression model

A general procedure is developed for bias-correcting the maximum likelihood estimators (MLEs) of the parameters of Weibull regression model with either complete or right-censored data. Following the bias correction, variance corrections and hence improved t-ratios for model parameters are presented. Potentially improved t-ratios for other reliability-related quantities are also discussed. Simulation results show that the proposed method is effective in correcting the bias of the MLEs, and the resulted t-ratios generally improve over the regular t-ratios.     

The ILO and the right to strike

The author argues that the June 2012 challenge by the ILO Employers' group to the hitherto generally accepted view regarding the right to strike under the Freedom of Association Convention, No. 87, is at odds with the historical understanding of the framework in which the Convention is embedded. She demonstrates how the ILO constituents have consistently recognized that there is a positive right to strike, which is inextricably linked to – and an inevitable corollary of – the right to freedom of association. The article also analyses the relative roles of the ILO supervisory bodies in this regard.     

从苏童的《妻妾成群》探究中国的女性权力问题

本文分析苏童小说《妻妾成群》,深刻地揭示了女性生存权力的抗争。     

和谐社会人格权的法律保护

构建和谐社会需要法制与公平,民法对人格权的保护,是实现社会利益和个人利益之间平衡的保证。完善的人格权保护是现代文明的重要标志,是创建和谐社会的必然要求。我国长期以来对人格权的保护不够重视,当前的立法中还存在着许多缺陷。因此,在我国未来的民法典中应当将人格权部分独立成编,并在此基础上进一步完善人格权体系。在对一般人格权内容明确规定的同时,根据现实社会发展和人权保护的需要增加具体人格权的类型。     

美德伦理学和正确的行动

最近一些著名的美德伦理学家试图对正确的行动提出种种美德伦理学所独有的解释。文章打算证明这些解释并不成功。如果它们能够回答岛民诘难 (根据这一诘难 ,评价行动要求注意行动者之外的外部世界的效果 ,然而美德伦理学只关心评价行动者的内在状态 ) ,它们依赖的是某些普遍接受的美德伦理学的理由 ,而这些理由本身又取决于没有任何解释的关于正确性的判断。因此这样的解释导致了循环论证的诘难。简言之 ,美德伦理学的这些避免岛民诘难的解释只是以请进循环论证的诘难为代价的。它们直觉上的合理性大致上只达到这样的程度 :它们失去了有别于其他理论的美德伦理学的特征     

在我国建立亲权制度之探讨

亲权是大陆法系各国民法中规范亲子关系的重要法律制度，但在我国民法和婚姻法中都无此规定。鉴于我国亲子法律关系在立法上的缺陷与不足，笔者提出要建立亲权制度，将亲权和监护分别规定，以监护作为亲权的补充，来完善我国的婚姻家庭立法制度。     

论中国共产党意识形态话语权的实质与特征

中国共产党意识形态话语权实质上是马克思主义话语权,其内涵可以界定为作为中国共产党指导思想的马克思主义及其中国化的理论成果依据其自身的理论特性与现实影响,拥有解释、规范和指导当代中国社会发展方向与进程的资格、能力、身份与地位。强制性与非强制性、渗透性与非渗透性、历史性与动态性、排他性与开放性是中国共产党意识形态话语权的主要特征。     

Dynamic inference for non-Markov transition probabilities under random right censoring

The main contribution of this article is the verification of weak convergence of a general non-Markov (NM) state transition probability estimator by Titman, which has not yet been done for any other general NM estimator. A similar theorem is shown for the bootstrap, yielding resampling-based inference methods for statistical functionals. Formulas of the involved covariance functions are presented in detail. Particular applications include the conditional expected length of stay in a specific state, given occupation of another state in the past, and the construction of time-simultaneous confidence bands for the transition probabilities. The expected lengths of stay in a two-sample liver cirrhosis dataset are compared and confidence intervals for their difference are constructed. With borderline significance and in comparison to the placebo group, the treatment group has an elevated expected length of stay in the healthy state given an earlier disease state occupation. In contrast, the Aalen-Johansen (AJ) estimator-based confidence interval, which relies on a Markov assumption, leads to a drastically different conclusion. Also, graphical illustrations of confidence bands for the transition probabilities demonstrate the biasedness of the AJ estimator in this data example. The reliability of these results is assessed in a simulation study.