再议物权行为理论的几个问题

物权行为以其独立性和无因性为支柱。无因性的存在,使物权行为理论的价值受到挑战。而物权行为无因性的相对化则是物权行为理论合理化的必然选择。物权行为无因性理论与善意取得制度没有绝对的优劣之分,在对第三人的保护上,应采取无因性原则,同时吸收善意取得制度的优点即排除对恶意第三人的保护。中国民法典应该吸收物权行为理论中的合理因素。     

宽带非相干空时频分组编码

基于正交频分多路复用,提出了多个输入和输出天线频率选择性瑞利衰落信道中的非相干空时频分组编码方法。成对错误概率分析表明,将子载波分组与正交空时频编码结合,提出的码能获得最大空间分集和频率分集,且只有较低的编解码复杂性。采用提出的编码方法,系统发射端的编码和接收端的解码都不需要知道信道状态信息,减小了信道估计所带来的系统复杂性。给出了码的设计准则和仿真结果,验证了频率选择性衰落信道中提出码的良好性能。     

树立正确得失观，构建和谐社会

有得必有失，有失必有得。得失相伴相生，互相转化，这是社会生活中普遍存在的现象。这种现象是对立统一规律发生作用的表现。得失问题作为对得与失存在、发展和应用的规律性认识，既是对立统一规律在得失方面的实际运用，电是对立统一规律在处理得失问题上的具体体现。人们对得失大小、好坏主观评价上的不同，使得失的选择具有很强的主观色彩。倡导树立正确的得失观，对于树立正确的荣辱观、人生观、有效进行领导、实现科学决策乃至构建社会主义和谐社会，都具有重要意义。     

政府绩效的成本--效益分析

成本-效益分析是建立在对成本与效益的比较之上的.政府的绩效成本包括政治成本、经济成本、社会成本和机会成本四部分,政府的效益则体现在对经济增长、政治稳定以及社会进步的贡献之上.政府绩效成本-效益分析模型的建构是以成本效益比率法为基础的,并且我们在建构模型之后,可以以此为基础对济南市政府的绩效进行了成本-效益的实证分析.     

From Gratitude to Lamentation: On the Moral and Psychological Economy of Gift,Gain and Loss

The passing of Nelson Mandela and other figures of (diverse) contemporary importance may prompt the interesting question of how we might or should understand the psychological, social and moral function of lamentation in human life. This paper aims to show that such responses are not just of emotional and interpersonal significance, but also of serious moral import. To this end, the paper proceeds via exploration of conceptually and morally suggestive correspondences or resonances between the logical grammar of lamentation—which, to be sure, has received almost no latter day analytical attention—and that of gratitude or thankfulness in which there has been an enormous explosion of academic interest in recent years. The paper argues that there is no less case for a moral virtue of lamentation, than for a virtue of gratitude.     

"闲暇教育"走向闲暇

随着社会生产力的进步和人们闲暇时间的增多,一种不带有任何功利目的的教育和学习活动渐渐露出水面。与此同时,当人们试图用闲暇教育将这些教育活动统称起来时,却发现它被一种为闲暇作准备的教育活动所占用。如何协调两种教育活动对闲暇教育概念的争夺,便成为一个新的理论和实践问题。     

浅谈企业财务成果的揭示

目前我国企业的利润表中揭示的利润总额或净利润,总括了营业收益、投资收益和营业外收支净额三部分,这三部分内容虽然都是利润总额和净利润的组成部分,但它们的本质是不同的.评价企业的业绩,特别是评价企业通过经营者自身努力所创的业绩,应使用经营收益和经营净收益的概念.因此,企业在揭示其财务成果时,应将经营收益与资本利得区分开来,在保留现行利润表结构的前提下增加"营业利润表"和"非营业收益表"两张辅表.     

Gestational weight gain counselling gaps as perceived by pregnant women and new mothers: Findings from the electronic maternal health survey

ProblemToo much or too little gestational weight gain (GWG) can negatively impact maternal and fetal health, according to Institute of Medicine Guidelines.BackgroundHealth care providers are key players in providing reliable evidence-informed prenatal advice related to appropriate GWG. However, there appears to be inconsistent GWG communication among healthcare providers during prenatal care.AimTo determine pregnant women and new mothers’ perceptions of healthcare provider GWG and dietary counselling during the pregnancy period.MethodsA reliable and validated cross-sectional electronic survey was administered to currently pregnant women and women who had recently given birth. The web-based questionnaire was self-administered and took 10–25 min.FindingsA total of 1507 eligible women participated in the survey. More than half (57%) reported that their healthcare provider talked to them about personal weight gain limits. Of these participants, about a third (34%) of participants were counselled regularly at each or most visits. Among the women that were not counselled on personal GWG limits, over half (56%) reported that healthcare provider guidance would have been helpful to achieve their target weight. Less than half (45%) of participants reported that their healthcare providers discussed dietary requirements or changes in pregnancy.DiscussionThese findings highlight areas for improvement in prenatal dialogue, which can support better outcomes for both mother and baby.ConclusionA better understanding of pregnant and mothers’ perceptions about weight and diet counselling is needed to understand what may need greater attention and clarification and to improve such dialogue.     

Gestational weight gain in obese women by class of obesity and select maternal/newborn outcomes: A systematic review

BackgroundObesity and gestational weight gain impact maternal and fetal risks. Gestational weight gain guidelines are not stratified by severity of obesity.AimConduct a systematic review of original research with sufficient information about gestational weight gain in obese women stratified by obesity class that could be compared to current Institute of Medicine guidelines. Evaluate variance in risk for selected outcomes of pregnancy with differing gestational weight gain in obese women by class of obesity.MethodsA keyword advanced search was conducted of English-language, peer-reviewed journal articles using 3 electronic databases, article reference lists and table of content notifications through January 2015. Data were synthesized to show changes in risk by prevalence.FindingsTen articles met inclusion criteria. Outcomes assessed were large for gestational age, small for gestational age, and cesarean delivery. Results represent nearly 740,000 obese women from four different countries. Findings consistently demonstrated gestational weight gain varies by obesity class and most obese women gain more than recommended by Institute of Medicine guidelines. Obese women are at low risk for small for gestational age and high risk for large for gestational age and risk varies with class of obesity and gestational weight gain. Research suggests the lowest combined risk of selected outcomes with weight gain of 5–9 kg in women with class I obesity, 1 to less than 5 kg for class II obesity and no gestational weight gain for women with class III obesity.ConclusionsGestational weight gain guidelines may need modification for severity of obesity.     

The ‘Freshman 5’: A Meta-Analysis of Weight Gain in the Freshman Year of College

Abstract

Objective: (1) To use the available research to estimate the amount of weight gained by college freshman during their first year of college. (2) To identify potential predictors of freshman weight gain. Methods: A meta-analysis was conducted in November 2008. The analysis focused on articles published in English scientific journals between 1985 and 2008 available on the MEDLINE, Web of Science, and PsycINFO databases and excluded studies of weight change over periods beyond freshman year. Results: Twenty-four studies met the inclusion criteria. Based on a pooled sample of 3,401 cases, mean weight gain was 3.86 (95% confidence intervals [CI] = 3.81–3.91) lbs. Potential contributors to gain were recent dieting, high baseline weight, and psychological stress. Conclusions: The first year of college is a period of vulnerability for weight problems. Further research is needed to better understand freshman weight gain and devise appropriate prevention strategies based on predictors of gain.