Gender differences in physical activity are partially explained by anxiety sensitivity in post-secondary students

Abstract

Objective: Female post-secondary students typically engage in less physical activity than their male counterparts. Given that women have greater anxiety sensitivity (ie, fear of arousal-based body sensations) and anxiety sensitivity is inversely related to physical activity participation, this study sought to determine if anxiety sensitivity mediates gender differences in self-reported physical activity. Participants and methods: A sample of 802 post-secondary students completed the Anxiety Sensitivity Index-3 and a Lifestyles Questionnaire in September 2017. Results: Women reported significantly less physical activity and significantly greater anxiety sensitivity. Anxiety sensitivity was significantly and inversely related to self-reported physical activity. A significant indirect effect of gender on physical activity via anxiety sensitivity was shown (B?=?5.56, SE?=?2.81, p?<?.05, 95% CI [1.31, 12.78], P_M?=?.0843). Conclusions: Results suggest that anxiety sensitivity partially explains gender differences in physical activity. Anxiety sensitivity reduction interventions might increase physical activity participation and reduce the existing gender gap.     

智能健康硬件用户间歇性中止行为影响因素研究

 随着全民健康意识的提高，人们开始使用智能健康硬件进行个人健康管理，智能健康硬件的采纳和使用行为也逐渐受到学术界和业界的广泛关注。然而，当前智能健康硬件采纳和使用行为的研究主要集中于用户在静态时点上的持续使用或中止行为，忽略了用户在中止使用智能健康硬件后重新使用的现象，即间歇性中止行为。        基于矛盾态度和情绪波动的视角，构建智能健康硬件用户间歇性中止模型，并检验态度不稳定性在矛盾态度与间歇性中止之间、情绪唤起波动在情绪效价波动与间歇性中止之间的中介作用，进一步检验模型各路径的性别差异。通过问卷调查的方法，收集428份智能健康硬件用户数据，进行结构方程模型分析。        研究结果表明，用户对智能健康硬件的矛盾态度将带来态度不稳定性，并进而影响用户的间歇性中止行为，态度不稳定性也部分中介矛盾态度对间歇性中止行为的作用；用户对健康硬件的情绪效价波动正向作用于情绪唤起波动，进而促进用户的间歇性中止行为，情绪唤起波动完全中介情绪效价波动对间歇性中止行为的影响；对于间歇性中止行为的性别差异检验发现，男性样本中各路径的作用均显著强于女性样本。        研究结果阐述了矛盾态度和情绪波动对智能健康硬件用户间歇性中止行为的深层次作用机制，具有重要的理论和实践意义。①将当前技术中止的概念拓展到用户间歇性中止，并厘清了间歇性中止的关键研究问题、概念内涵、变量维度及其与技术完全中止的区别，进一步丰富了技术采纳后行为的研究框架。②基于态度和情绪的理论框架，从矛盾态度和情绪波动的视角探讨智能健康硬件用户间歇性中止行为的影响因素。由于消极态度和负面情绪仅可以解释技术中止行为，无法准确解释间歇性中止，因此矛盾态度和情绪波动的引入，一方面为解释间歇性中止提供了新的视角，另一方面也丰富了当前信息系统领域个人情绪和态度的理论研究。③性别差异的检验有助于加深当前对于不同性别用户采纳和使用智能健康硬件的理解和认识。此外，研究结果有利于智能健康硬件服务商准确理解并把握用户购买后行为，为电子健康行业的发展提供实践和理论指导。     

Family Migration and Subsequent Employment: The Effect of Gender Ideology

A substantial body of evidence shows gender asymmetry in family migration, with women more likely to leave employment following migration than men. Gender ideologies, although yet not tested directly, have been proposed as one determinant for these asymmetries. Analyzing longitudinal data from the British Household Panel Survey (1991–2008) on 3,333 dual‐earner couples with dyadic multilevel regression models, the author examined whether the association of family migration with subsequent employment is moderated by the gender ideologies of both partners. The existing literature is enriched by illustrating that women's gender ideologies do not moderate the association, but women with egalitarian partners are less likely to leave employment after family migration than those with traditional partners. No significant effects for men were found. Even after controlling for both partners' gender ideologies and relevant control variables, a substantial gender difference in the risk of leaving employment after family migration remains, meriting further research.     

Effects of Gay Identity,Gender and Explicitness of Advertising Imagery on Gay Responses to Advertising

Abstract

The present research draws from literature relating to gay identity in psychology and sociology and feminist theory to consider the effect of gay identity and gender on gays' and lesbians' attitudes toward various types of advertising content that are most commonly used to target gay consumers. As such, this study empirically tests whether gay males' and lesbians' responses to gay-oriented advertising content are moderated by individual characteristics: (1) the degree to which they identify as gay, and (2) their gender, and by the explicitness and gender of the gay-oriented advertising imagery.     

“I Was in Crisis”

This article explores the illicit labor and imprisonment of two women, Cynthia and Dinah, in the Santa Monica prison in Lima, Peru through the lens of gendered motherwork. Because the unequal distribution of care places the burden of this labor on women, Cynthia and Dinah were primarily responsible for the care of their adult children who were diagnosed with AIDS. Both women entered the transnational cocaine commodity chain in order to provide their children with medication that was not administered by the state. Neoliberal healthcare in the form of cuts to national health systems makes the motherwork of poor women more difficult to perform. In order to afford care for their children's health, Cynthia and Dinah entered a labor market that is criminalized by punitive war on drug policies and they were subsequently imprisoned. Illicit labor was therefore an extension of their motherwork and the removal of this care from their children resulted in tragic health consequences. This article is based on ethnographic dissertation fieldwork in 2008–09 in the largest women's prison in Peru.     

性别差异视角下的“80后”员工关系的企业社会工作探析

本文采依社会资本理论和社会性别发展理论,借鉴现有的企业社会工作运作模式,从性别差异视角入手,透过"80后"员工关系,探讨企业社工的介入、应用及发展。根据男女两性各自拥有的资源、位置和场域结构等的不同,在已有的企业社工方法中加入社会性别赋权的方法技巧,促进"80"后员工的自我赋权,提升适应能力,同时协助企业改善员工关系,提高管理效率。     

性别、组织和政党——对建党初期女党员群体的历史考察

建党初期的女党员们在革命实践中争取机会和发展空间,将五四运动中获得的性别平等理念付诸实践,致力于自身解放以及争取全部的妇女解放,成为实际推动中国共产党所领导的妇女运动不断发展的主体.即使面对社会不平等的性别制度,以及党组织内部存在一定的性别分工,她们仍然努力挑战传统的性别规范,彰显了其主体性和能动性.     

Mentoring,Sexual Harassment,and Black Women Academics

ABSTRACT

The #MeToo Movement both within academia and popular culture has largely been seen as an issue for white women (and men). While the phrase Me Too was originally coined by Tarana Burke in 2006 to raise public awareness of sexual harassment, violence and assault experienced by women of color, the Movement has largely been whitewashed by primarily depicting victims and survivors as white women. Black women academics, like myself, also experience sexual harassment. By highlighting the ways that race-based sexual harassment further marginalizes already underrepresented groups in political science, I use my personal story to elucidate how a gender-only lens misses the complexities of Black women’s experiences with power inequities in academia. Throughout this narrative I underscore the importance of mentorship, professional networks, and the ability to harness scholarship as a vehicle to combat the pervasiveness of sexual harassment, violence, and assault for Black women in political science.     

Networking towards (in)equality: Women entrepreneurs in technology

Deploying a multidimensional framework focusing on individual, organizational and societal factors, we investigate gendering practices through which women entrepreneurs become disadvantaged in the technology sector. Through qualitative fieldwork, we focus on women entrepreneurs' experiences networking to access valuable entrepreneurial resources and examine the role of technology incubators and accelerators in facilitating this access. These organizations have the potential to mitigate gender inequities by adopting gender‐aware practices such as increasing access to networks and resources that might otherwise be unreachable for women technology entrepreneurs. Focusing simultaneously on the complex intersections of networking, organizational practices at incubators and accelerators, and institutionalized gender norms in society, we outline how different gendering practices work separately and in tandem to marginalize women technology entrepreneurs. We observe that these organizations engage in ‘gender neutral’ recruitment practices and promote transactional networking which result in the replication rather than eradication of gender inequality. Moreover, organizational attempts to address ‘gender issues’ as they relate to technology entrepreneurs re‐inscribe rather than disrupt societal gender norms. Our research offers new insights for understanding the interrelated individual, organizational and societal factors contributing to gender inequality in technology entrepreneurship and provokes discussion on the possibilities for social change.