Rear gunners and troubled privates: Wordplay in a dick joke competition1

A humorous competition called ‘The Adventures of Naked Man’ ran in a Wellington (New Zealand) newspaper from 1999 to 2000. The competition's protagonist is the sole naked person in a drawn setting where, because of some convenient object or body position, his penis is obscured from sight. Entrants to the competition submitted a caption to go with the drawn setting, the point being to make humour. Without explicit instruction, most entrants constructed some form of dick joke, the interesting questions being, just how, and with what variations? These questions are pursued by drawing on the full corpus of Naked Man settings and captions. Basic principles of conversation analysis, including some early work of Sacks on punning, are used to analyse the nature and popularity of the Naked Man competition. The article also offers some more speculative comments to do with gender and the organisation of language about sexuality.     

关于家庭暴力产生原因的社会性别分析

家庭暴力的产生不仅仅是因为特定个人、特定家庭的原因，而是有其深厚的社会文化传统的原因，这个原因从社会性别视角来看，就是一个由男权文化和夫权思想所制造出来的不平等的社会性别关系的存在。如果把家庭暴力的深层原因，停留在社会变迁、社会宽容、人的素质低下和女性自身的软弱，而不去进行更深层次的反省，反而会遮蔽家庭暴力产生的根源，不利于彻底去除家庭暴力这一破坏家庭平安、社会和谐的毒瘤。     

贯彻男女平等基本国策与云南少数民族妇女参政

妇女参政是指妇女参与政治决策和政务管理的活动,即:妇女参政一方面是指妇女和男子享有同等的权利,并共同行使公民民主的权利的活动,另一方面是指妇女在各级党的机关、各级国家机关担任领导职务。马克思曾说过:“社会的进步可以从女性的社会地位来精确的衡量。”妇女参政是妇女社会地位提高的重要标志,也是社会文明进步的标志之一。所以,要贯彻男女平等基本国策,其中最重要的是包括男女平等地参政议政,尤其是少数民族妇女的参政议政,民族地区才能与全国同步平等和谐地发展。     

论先进性别文化在构建和谐社会中的功能

先进的性别文化是由平等的性别价值、规范的性别制度和文明的性别风俗习惯构成的性别文化体系的总和.先进性别文化的内容从发展角度看,包括先进性别文化理想、先进性别文化战略、先进性别文化内核;从结构角度看,包括先进性别精神文化、先进性别制度文化、先进性别文化习俗;从实质角度看,包括男女平等、男女平权、男女互尊、男女共业、男女共强.先进的性别文化对和谐社会建设具有导向功能、调适功能和建构功能.     

我国公共产品供给的不均衡分析

我国的公共产品的供给呈现出整体上的从东到西梯次性失衡以及区域间的同一地域失衡和结构性失衡并存的犬牙交错的格局,这也与我国不同地区的经济发展水平不均衡有关。本文通过对公共产品供给现状的描述以及这种不均衡状态危害的阐述,得出解决公共产品供给不均衡的对策。通过合理界定各级政府提供公共产品的职责,强化公共部门的支出管理,规范转移支付制度,合理把握公共财政提供公共产品的次序和寻求政府与市场机制的有机结合等方式,实现公共产品的合理均衡供给。     

女性休闲消费与性别秩序的变化——以广州市为个案

当代城市女性休闲消费在休闲空间、休闲体验、休闲伙伴三个方面具有鲜明的特点。休闲场所在原来的单一的家庭休闲之外增加了大量的公共空间;休闲体验从客体的状态向主体的状态转变;休闲伙伴由家人的一元局面转为家人、同事、朋友并存的多元局面。这种变化的出现是和中国当今社会性别秩序的变化紧密联系在一起的。它表明,在性别空间秩序方面女性由私人领域走向公共领域,在性别秩序的强弱方面改变了女性绝对的弱势地位,在性别秩序的主从方面女性不再处于绝对的从属地位。     

Do Workplace Gender Transitions Make Gender Trouble?

This article examines what happens when an employee makes the transition from one recognized gender category to another and remains in the same job. Drawing on in‐depth interviews with transmen and transwomen in Texas and California, we illustrate how a new social gender identity is interactionally achieved in these open workplace transitions. While transgender people often are represented as purposefully adopting hyper‐feminine or masculine gender identities post‐transition, we find that our respondents strive to craft alternative femininities and masculinities. However, regardless of their personal gender ideologies, their men and women co‐workers often enlist their transitioning colleague into gender rituals designed to repatriate them into a rigid gender binary. This enlistment limits the political possibilities of making gender trouble in the workplace, as transgender people have little leeway for resistance if they wish to maintain job security and friendly workplace relationships.     

性别、性别观念对性别角色的影响

性别角色的形成是由生理因素决定还是由社会文化因素决定的，成为性别角色研究中一直争议的焦点问题，但国内对此缺乏定量的实证研究。以北京市5所大学的552名大学生为调查对象，采用Bem性别角色量表和自编的性别观念量表进行问卷调查，结果发现，性别角色受生理性别和性别观念类型共同影响，支持了生物社会的理论模型。     

Children's and Adolescents' Developing Perceptions of Gender Inequality

Two studies examined children's and adolescents' developing perceptions of gender inequality. The first study examined perceptions of inequality among 272 early, middle, and late adolescents, focusing on the spheres of politics, business, and the home. Results indicated an age‐related increase in perceptions of male dominance. Men were seen to have more power and status in politics than in business whereas relative equality was seen to exist in the home. The second study included 96 child and adolescent participants aged 7–15 and once again found an increase in general perceptions of male dominance with age. Results suggest that young children are less explicitly aware of gender inequality than might be assumed given their extensive knowledge of power‐loaded gender‐role stereotypes.     

和谐社会建设与地方政府转型

和谐社会实际上是一个发展成果如何共享、成本如何均衡分担的问题。而造成我国经济快速发展同时又带来社会利益失衡的重要因素是地方政府及其行为方式。和谐社会建设必须要求地方政府的转型与改革,改革的思路向上可以适度加强中央的垂直管理,向下要扩大民众的参与、推动基层的民主化进程。