性别觉悟与妇女命运--从分析张洁、王安忆小说的女性人物说起

妇女的性别觉悟,也可以说成妇女个人自我意识的觉醒程度,受个人所处的社会政治、历史经济、文化传统等多方面因素影响决定。妇女性别的觉醒程度在不同时代及不同的个人身上,其表现各有特点,其作用也不尽相同。对妇女自身来讲,则直接影响妇女个人如何面对命运、选择机遇,以至决定最终的人生模式。本文试图对张洁、王安忆创作的长篇小说《无字》、《长恨歌》中两个主要女性人物一生命运与个人性别觉悟的关系做出分析,探讨这一关系的普遍意义。     

中西文化差异在翻译中的特殊作用

在翻译中常遇到的难题是中西文化差异。本文从物质文化、社会文化和思想文化三个层面对中西文化差异进行了探讨 ,同时进一步剖析了这种反映在语言层面上的差异及其在翻译中的特殊作用     

论共青团在高校文化素质教育中的作用

共青团要在高校文化素质教育中发挥良好作用,就必须做好舆论宣传工作,营造浓厚的学术和科技氛围,挖掘利用校园内宝贵历史遗产和丰富教育资源进行人文和科学教育。团组织只有利用自身的优势,把读书活动、讲座与报告会活动、学生社团活动、艺术活动、科技活动等校园文化活动作为素质教育的切入点,并与参观考察访问与文化、科技、卫生“三下乡”等校外社会实践活动结合,方能帮助大学生提高文化素质,作出应有贡献。     

Equal opportunities,true options or hidden unemployment? A comparative perspective on labour‐market marginality

Previous studies have shown that women generally adjust to unemployment better than men. This study shows that young women value work equally as highly as men, and have negative feelings when unemployed, which indicates the existence of a closed gender gap. However, children have a different influence on men's and women's unemployment experiences. Being a parent increases job-search activity and work involvement among men. On the other hand, children moderate negative experiences of unemployment among women, and they decrease their job-search activity and work involvement. Being a parent increases labour-market marginality among young unemployed women. For young men it is a motivational factor for searching for and getting a job. The comparison shows furthermore that patterns of re-employment vary in the involved countries: Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden and Scotland. They reflect differences in the overall unemployment situation in the countries and the welfare strategies applied.     

The Experience of Gender Change in Public Sector Organizations

The state has a twofold relationship to gender change in society, through its overall steering capacity and through the gendered character of its constituent agencies. It is therefore important to understand the experience of gender change in state organizations. The findings from a study of gender relations in ten public‐sector worksites in New South Wales, Australia are presented. There is a widespread consciousness of gender change linked with new labour processes, restructuring and new patterns of management. These changes are uneven and limits to change are visible. Gender is recognized as an organizational problem in specific circumstances, most visibly where men’s resistance to change appears. A number of mechanisms limit the consciousness of gender as a problem. Several trends, including the current strength of neo‐liberalism, converge to make the gender‐neutral workplace the principal goal of gender reform in the public‐sector workplace. This, however, limits the state’s steering capacity in regard to societal gender relations.     

Creating Stepfamilies: Integrating Children Into the Study of Union Formation

As a result of the growth in out‐of‐wedlock childbearing and union instability, adults contemplating forming a new union are often already parents. This article examines the role of children in stepfamily formation, both coresident and not, using the 2,594 respondents in the National Survey of Families and Households who were not living with a partner in 1987/1988. We consider children of the respondent and of the partner, which allows us to examine the determinants of entering a stepfamily. We found that being a coresident father dramatically increases forming a union with a woman with children. Women’s coresidential children reduce women’s odds of forming unions with men who do not have children and increase them for unions with men who do.     

论全球化时代城市政府的角色与职能

全球化背景下城市管理的特点要求政府角色及职能的重新定位。全球化时代城市管理的特点是城市发展与管理的同质化、整合化、人性化、专业化、智能化和高效率。全球化要求城市政府承担起表现性角色,即政府要体现社会公平与效率、社会的管理能力与服务水平及社会发展与进步程度。这就要求政府成为民意的政府、有限的政府、责任的政府、开放的政府和修错的政府。上述角色要求城市政府应该从社会发展与进步、关心人、尊重人和提高人的生活质量出发,履行导向性的职能,为城市发展掌舵;规划性的职能,为城市发展描绘蓝图;预算性的职能,为城市发展整合资源;规范性的职能,为城市发展提供秩序;服务性的职能,为城市发展提供保障。通过政府职能的有效履行,促进社会平等和社会进步,实现城市区域社会的可持续发展。     

新闻记者的角色冲突与道德失范--兼论记者的职业责任与社会责任

记者职业角色与社会角色之间的冲突,反映出社会力量及记者自身对记者职业活动的不同把握与理解,在新闻实践中往往会造成记者的角色偏差与道德缺失。从微观上看,解决矛盾与冲突的办法可能在于:以古今中外的伦理道德观为理论依据,以新闻采集过程中面对的具体情况为现实依据,以不违背社会良知,不侵害公民的生命权、隐私权为行为原则。从宏观上来看,新闻业与记者角色的正本清源,新闻媒介的行业自律,社会控制体系对媒介的综合监督等等措施,对在一定程度上消解矛盾,使各方力量达至均衡,从而形成媒介权力与社会效应的和谐统一,是目前解决问题的有效途径。     

Book Reviews

Book reviews: Rosemary Crompton (ed), Restructuring Gender Relations and Employment: The Decline of the Male Breadwinner Susan Eisenberg, We’ll Call You If We Need You: Experiences of Women Working in Construction Fiona M. Wilson, Organizational Behaviour: A Critical Introduction Rohan Collier, Equality in Managing Service Delivery Joyce K. Fletcher, Disappearing Acts: Gender, Power and Relational Practice at Work Miriam Glucksmann, Cottons and Casuals : The Gendered Organisation of Labour in Time and Space     

Premarital Cohabitation and Housework: Couples in Cross‐National Perspective

The authors examine the effect of premarital cohabitation on the division of household labor in 22 countries. First, women do more routine housework than men in all countries. Second, married couples that cohabited before marriage have a more equal division of housework. Third, national cohabitation rates have equalizing effects on couples regardless of their own cohabitation experience. However, the influence of cohabitation rates is only observed in countries with higher levels of overall gender equality. The authors conclude that the trend toward increasing cohabitation may be part of a broader social trend toward a more egalitarian division of housework.