罪刑法定主义派生原则的功能廓清

　　摘要：  时至今日,罪刑法定原则已经从绝对转向相对、从理论原则转向司法原则。这一转变体现了有利于被告人的精神,进一步增加了该原则的出罪功能。与之相适应,罪刑法定派生原则的功能也应随之转变。首先,不应一概排斥习惯法;鉴于习惯法出罪去刑功能上的特性,还应当将习惯法纳入刑法渊源之列。其次,类推解释也不应一概禁止,有利于被告人的类推解释应当允许;同样,在扩张解释与限制解释上也应作有利于和不利于被告人之分,并区别对待。最后,在刑法解释的溯及力问题上,不应一律赋予其溯及力,并且应当禁止不利于被告人的刑法解释溯及既往。     

论国民精神总动员运动对抗日民族统一战线的影响

中国抗战的胜利是在中国共产党倡导的抗日民族统一战线的旗帜下,以国共合作为基础,各民族、各阶级、各党派、各界人士以及海外侨胞紧密团结、浴血奋战的结果,也是100多年来中国人民反对帝国主义侵略第一次取得的完全胜利.战略相持阶段到来以后,国民政府为适应新形势发动了国民精神总动员运动以挽救民族危亡,抗战建国,中国共产党始终以民族大义为重,既支持、肯定运动的积极面又不失时机对其消极面进行斗争,灵活运用统战政策维护了裂而不破的抗日民族统一战线,对抗战的胜利起到了至关重要的作用.对抗日民族统一战线工作经验的不断总结和思考,可以为我们党在新阶段加强执政能力建设和开展统战工作提供经验和借鉴,具有重要的现实意义.     

Goodness-of-fit test for exponentiality based on spacings for general progressive Type-II censored data

There have been numerous tests proposed to determine whether or not the exponential model is suitable for a given data set. In this article, we propose a new test statistic based on spacings to test whether the general progressive Type-II censored samples are from exponential distribution. The null distribution of the test statistic is discussed and it could be approximated by the standard normal distribution. Meanwhile, we propose an approximate method for calculating the expectation and variance of samples under null hypothesis and corresponding power function is also given. Then, a simulation study is conducted. We calculate the approximation of the power based on normality and compare the results with those obtained by Monte Carlo simulation under different alternatives with distinct types of hazard function. Results of simulation study disclose that the power properties of this statistic by using Monte Carlo simulation are better for the alternatives with monotone increasing hazard function, and otherwise, normal approximation simulation results are relatively better. Finally, two illustrative examples are presented.     

业主团体法律地位之中外对比

我国物权法规定,业主可以设立业主大会,作为区分所有权人团体的最高意思机构。业主大会之下,设有业主委员会,作为意思执行机构,负责日常管理事务。对于业主团体的法律人格问题我国目前尚未定论,法国、德国、日本、我国台湾与香港的物业管理法律制度均确认业主团体的法律人格。笔者赞成肯定业主委员会的诉讼地位的说法,在理论与实践中都应当作为管理维护建筑物和区分主利益的表征,更多地体现为诉讼程序的功能,而非实体功能。     

试论古代语学及其解释思想

古代语文学和语言学都有解释功能,语学著成名书,解释入于名学,名学为概念、逻辑之学。名书《尔雅》和古代传注,都有名理可言;作为一种知识考古,又都有自己的解释背景和思想。诸子本哲学,但到处可见语言解释和修辞隐喻。     

Effects of Alternative Policies on Income Redistribution: Evidence from Brazil

Despite recent successes, Brazilian income (cash) transfer policies remain controversial, and alternative approaches to income redistribution are being actively considered. This article contributes to this debate, analysing the effects of several alternative policies for income redistribution in the Brazilian economy using a computable general equilibrium model. Simulations were conducted consistent with the following policies: direct transfer of income, reduction of taxes, and incentives to agricultural exports. The results suggest that transfer of income is the most effective in promoting redistribution of income, with a positive impact on the level of welfare of the poorest households.     

Estimation of firm-specific technological bias,technical change and total factor productivity growth: a dual approach

This paper deals with modeling firm-specific technical change (TC), and technological biases (inputs and scale) in estimating total factor productivity (TFP) growth. Several dual parametric econometric models are used for this purpose. We examine robustness of TFP growth and TC among competing models. These models include the traditional time trend (TT) model and the general index (GI) model. The TT and the GI models are generalized to accommodate firm-specific TC and technological bias (in inputs and output). Both nested and non-nested tests are used to select the appropriate models. Firm-level panel data from the Japanese chemical industry during 1968- 1987 is used as an application.     

周易哲学视角下组织过程的不确定性、情境决定论与变通

基于变通的思维方式,"关系"与作为正式制度的层级、官僚体系、组织结构、准则、规范等之间存在替代关系;非正式制度与正式制度之间存在替代关系;"此制度"与"彼制度"之间也存在替代关系。"变通"包括"通融"、"动态调整"、"引导"与"变革"4种方式。同时,基于"易"与"不易"的辩证关系,不确定性的制度安排有其"成本"和"收益"。中国的变通哲学有利于行为的创新,而不利于制度的创新;有利于渐进性创新,而不利于破坏性创新。     

Projectors and linear estimation in general linear models

The paper gives a self-contained account of minimum disper­sion linear unbiased estimation of the expectation vector in a linear model with the dispersion matrix belonging to some, rather arbitrary, set of nonnegative definite matrices. The approach to linear estimation in general linear models recommended here is a direct generalization of some ideas and results presented by Rao (1973, 19 74) for the case of a general Gauss-Markov model

A new insight into the nature of some estimation problems originaly arising in the context of a general Gauss-Markov model as well as the correspondence of results known in the literature to those obtained in the present paper for general linear models are also given. As preliminary results the theory of projectors defined by Rao (1973) is extended.     

我国普通教育与职业教育的协调性发展初论

从普通教育和职业教育的发展经历入手，研究总结我国现发展阶段，如何利用普通教育和职业教育分合经验，探究出既有利于我国社会生产力提高又有利于社会民主与教育机会均等的普通教育和职业教育协调发展的路子。