Listening to 'life knowledge': a new research direction in poverty studies

This article points to a current research direction in poverty studies, which explores the knowledge of people living in poverty. The article examines three studies from the USA, Europe and Israel which give voice to the 'life knowledge' of people living in poverty regarding different aspects of their lives. Through these examples, the article examines the potential contribution of 'life knowledge', possessed by people who are welfare-reliant, to the body of knowledge concerning welfare policy. Knowledge of this sort challenges standard preconceptions about the ways in which people cope with hardship and about the ways in which assistance might be given. The article discusses the ways in which 'life knowledge' can be recognised as such and investigated, and how it might contribute to the formation of public policy.     

Life stress, social support, coping and depressive symptoms: a comparison between the general population and family caregivers

Major depression is one of the four most prevalent psychiatric diseases in Taiwan. Furthermore, a study showed that 45 per cent of the family caregivers of persons with persistent psychiatric disability were at risk of depression. The present study aimed at examining if caregivers experienced more depressive symptoms than the general population while controlling for other variables (direct effect), and if the constellation of correlates of depressive symptoms was different between the general population and caregivers (interaction effect). Data from 1979 subjects were gathered in a national survey, using stratified random sampling. The results revealed that the caregivers experienced significantly more depressive symptoms than the general population. However, the effect disappeared when other variables were taken into account. Life stress appeared to be more important than coping and social support. The other two common correlates of depressive symptoms were age and being unmarried. Relational stress mattered especially for caregivers. Lastly, social support variables were significant only for the general population; satisfaction with support could buffer the negative effect of survival stress on depressive symptoms.     

论魏徵的治国方略

魏徵是唐朝杰出的政治家和著名学者,他对初唐国力的恢复与社会政治的清明作出了贡献。唐太宗李世民与魏徵在治国大事中配合默契,相得益彰,是“贞观之治”开明盛世得以出现的重要原因。治理国家历来是政治家与关心国家大事的有识之士思考的重大问题,魏徵关于治国的许多言行已成为以后诸多有识之士的借鉴。他深刻指出,德、礼、诚、信为治国大纲,关系治国成败;居安思危,特别强调朝廷与其下属百姓关系的和谐;考察官员的实际政绩,由其政绩优劣来决定对其升降;帝王能听进逆耳忠言,大臣敢进谏逆耳忠言,均很难做到,但对治国关系重大。     

Those who cannot have what they want must want what they can get: The experience with company-based early retirement pension schemes in Norway

Early retirement is a central bridge between permanent work and standard pension age. During 1988-1989, 10% of all private Norwegian companies, employing about 20% of all employees, had made use of early retirement schemes, mainly as a means of reducing staff. A central question is whether early retirement creates welfare or reduces it for the early retirees. Case studies of 4 companies and panel studies of potential early retirees have been used to throw light on these questions: what are the experiences of those involved, and do they wish to leave work or is leave taken involuntary? Only 1 of 7 early retirees adapted poorly, mostly due to poor health, a strong work orientation combined with unfilled expectations for part-time work and the feeling that they had no choice but to accept the offer. The majority seem to adjust fairly well to life as a pensioner, especially if they have some part-time work. Besides high financial compensation, satisfaction with early retirement depends on whether the scheme is regarded as legitimate in the community and the individual considers the transition to be meaningful.     

试析尼采肯定生命的价值倡导

尼采所倡导的“肯定生命”指的是肯定和维护整全且具活力的个性化的创新生命。主要包含着三个方面的内容:肯定包含苦难的苦乐生命;肯定包含无意识机能的身体生命;肯定包含过去的过程生命。尼采通过这一倡导实现了对柏拉图主义超感性道德理想的批判性超越,有力地开启了后尼采时代的西方人本主义思潮对人的生存、生命的持续而热烈的关注。这一倡导的根本局限在于盲目人的生产性,陷入了价值指向上的表面性、不确定性以及轻视理性反思的错误。     

浅谈思想政治工作与"生命线"

思想政治工作是一切工作的生命线,这一科学论断是党在革命战争和建设事业中长期实践的科学结晶,在发展社会主义市场经济的新形势下,仍有极其重要的意义.但是,正确认识"生命线"地位,切实加强和改进思想政治工作也要克服四种偏见.     

价值哲学的困惑与思索

现实价值判断和价值选择的困难,表现了价值哲学的困境。后期海德格尔通过对主体形而上学的批判,力求超越把存在价值化的价值哲学;后现代主义哲学通过对启蒙理性的批判,摧毁了一切理性批判和价值选择的标准;自由主义政治哲学、哈贝马斯的社会交往理论,力求在后形而上学的时代重建某种普世的价值和伦理。这些当代价值哲学的思考和探索,为我们在一种先验形而上学的思路中尝试回答这些问题提供了理论前提。     

宗白华研究综述

对20世纪90年代以来宗白华研究进行回顾和评价,可以分为90年代和新千年以来两个时段。其中宗白华研究的热点问题主要有意境、宗白华美学思想的生命美学特征及宗白华美学思想开创现代美学的新范式等等。     

“人与自然生命共同体”理念的生成逻辑探究——基于唯物史观视角

人的实践联系着人与自然的关系，决定着对它们关系的认识程度。从唯物史观看，自然是被体验到、被认识到、被意识到和被实践的自然。人与自然的关系及其认识，有生成演变逻辑。全球生态问题和发展问题是构建人与自然生命共同体的现实基础和必然要求。"人与自然是生命共同体"强调人与自然辩证统一的关系； "人与自然生命共同体" ，强调人与自然内在同一性，是对马克思自然观的守正创新，是对生态文明建设的准确概括。