A generalization of the binomial distribution

This paper presents a new departure in the generalization of the binomial distribution by adopting the assumption that the underlying Bernoulli trials take on the values α or β where α < β, rather than the conventional values 0 or 1. The adoption of this more general assumption renders the binomial distribution a four-parameter distribution of the form B(n,p,α,β), and requires the generalization of Romanovsky's (1923) reduction formula for central moments. This paper assesses the usefulness of B(n,p,α,β), and its reduction formula, in the numerical analysis of two problems of interest to decision theorists.     

On the equality of usual and amemiya's partially generalized least squares estimator

Equivalent conditions are derived for the equality of GLSE (generalized least squares estimator) and partially GLSE (PGLSE), the latter introduced by Amemiya (1983). By adopting a more general approach the ordinary least squares estimator (OLSE) can shown to be a special PGLSE. Furthcrmore, linearly restricted estimators proposed by Balestra (1983) are investigated in this context. To facilitate the comparison of estimators extensive use of oblique and orthogonal projectors is made.     

Robust analysis of variance

The classes of R- and M-estimates contain practical robust alternatives to least squares estimation in linear models. These estimates form the basis for a robust analysis of variance. This inference procedure is described and its versatility demonstrated.     

Local improvement of best linear unbiased estimation and admissibility under the weakly singular gauss-markov model

Under the weakly singular Gauss-Markov model, the class of linearly admissible estimators for the expectation of the observable random vector with respect to the mean square error criterion is considered. It is demonstrated that this class admits linearly admissible estimators for an arbitrary estimable parametric function, which locally improve the best linear estimator with respect to the mean square error matrix criterion.     

从花费到消耗——论巴塔耶的普遍经济学

花费的概念在巴塔耶的理论体系中具有非常重要的地位,正是以花费为基础,他发展出了自己的普遍经济学。本文从花费的概念入手,具体分析巴塔耶的关于花费的思想,从而概括出他的普遍经济学的特征。     

日本福祉教育探析

在梳理福祉教育概念的基础上，对日本福祉教育的变迁进行分析可知，福祉教育是社会福祉在教育层面上的反映，它随社会的发展与福祉的增进而不断发生变化，受社会历史变革的制约。日本福祉教育按其性质分为一般性福祉教育和专业性福祉教育两大类。一般性福祉教育重点是培养“福祉心”，强调通过福祉教育增强人们对社会福祉的关注，以提高人们对现行福祉制度的理解与认识；而专业性福祉教育是一种旨在培养专门性福祉人才的教育活动，具有明确的职业指向与专业指向。日本的福祉教育具有法律保障健全、学科体系完善和教育内容多样化的特点．     

谁为莲府座上客 ? ———从唐人小说看幕府选择僚佐的倾向性

使府僚佐是使主的参谋与助手,在藩镇中的地位十分重要。因此,使府选择幕僚时十分慎重。进士出身是朝廷对幕府僚佐辟署制度的最低限定,进士成为幕府首选;名士能够提高幕府声望,故藩镇盛礼争聘;文笔之士能迅速传达信息,尤为藩镇青睐;而使府对章奏表檄的重视及其传播效应,无疑会提升应用文体的写作水平。     

安倍晋三政府“解禁”的三重目的

安倍晋三政府解禁集体自卫权,有三重目的：一是要复活军国主义,以再称霸亚太;二是彻底摆脱美国对其束缚,成为所谓＂正常国家＂;三是阻碍我国的和平崛起和和谐发展。可见,＂解禁＂是安倍晋三政府一石三鸟的举措,我们必须认清其实质。     

Learning difficulties and academic competence among children in contact with the child welfare system

Children who have been in the welfare system tend to have poor social and health outcomes as adults. The aim of this study was to examine learning difficulties, as well as academic competence, among children in contact with child welfare service, and to compare this group to their same‐age peers. The material consisted of 4114 children in fifth to seventh grade, of which 101 were in contact with child welfare services. Information on learning difficulties and academic competence was obtained through questionnaires to teacher and parent/caregivers. As expected, there were significantly more children with learning difficulties in the child welfare group than the peer group; 12% of child welfare clients had general learning difficulties compared to only 0.4% of their peers, and 31% had specific learning difficulties in relation to mathematics and/or reading and writing, compared to 10% of their peers. The majority of child welfare children received assistance from pedagogical–psychological services. While more than every second child welfare client without general learning disability had low academic competence, there were also 15% who had high academic competence. The results show that although many of the children in contact with child welfare service have learning difficulties, there is also heterogeneity and potential for academic achievement.     

论卢梭对狄德罗“公意”的批判

狄德罗在<自然权利>中使用了"公意"概念,意指每个人身上理性的纯粹表达.卢梭在<日内瓦手稿>等著作中对狄德罗的"公意"概念加以批判,并赋予此范畴不同的内涵,因此,学界从理性的角度来理解卢梭的公意并不符合卢梭本人使用这个概念的意图,必须加以拨正.