Adaptation of the short version of the Psychological Capital Questionnaire (PCQ-12) into Spanish / Adaptación al español de la versión reducida del Cuestionario de Capital Psicológico (PCQ-12)

Psychological capital (PsyCap) has been a topic of increasing interest in the last decade. However, there is a lack of validated instruments in Spanish to map PsyCap and its consequences for individuals’ well-being. Consequently, the goal of this study is to adapt the 12-item short version of the Psychological Capital Questionnaire (PCQ-12) to the Spanish context by analysing its internal consistency and reliability, factor solution and external validity. Results indicated that the PCQ-12 exhibited good Cronbach’s alpha (.87) and omega coefficient (.93) values in a sample from a vehicle inspection company (n = 798). As expected, results also revealed that a second-order factor structure provided the best fit. Moreover, PsyCap is associated with increased job engagement (β = .579; R²_adjusted = .333), decreased job burnout (β = ?.409; R²_adjusted = .166), and lower psychological distress (β = ?.349; R²_adjusted = .121) (all p < .01), which provided additional support for using the PCQ-12 in the Spanish context. Implications for theory and practice are discussed.     

Exploring Home Sharing for Elders

Research suggests that third party-arranged home sharing (“TPAHS”) enables elders to remain at home in advanced age by connecting elder home owners with suitable live-in “matches.” TPAHS potentially saves elders, their families, and Medicaid budgets millions of a dollars per year in avoided and postponed nursing home costs. In interviews with elder TPAHS participants of one TPAHS program, we found that similarity in values, ability to utilize the TPAHS organization's guidance, and, when relevant, familiarity with their matches' mental health challenges, correlated with said participants' satisfaction with their matches while a lack of these qualities correlated with match dissatisfaction. With these findings in mind, we suggest strategies TPAHS organizations can use to best serve the elderly TPAHS participants who may benefit from intensified match support but may not seek it.     

‘There’s a lot of places I’d like to go and things I’d like to do’: the daily living experiences of adults with mild to moderate intellectual disabilities during a time of personalised social care reform in the United Kingdom

Adult social care services in the United Kingdom have undergone a period of transformation over recent years, characterised by a drive towards personalised care. Concurrently, social care budgets have been significantly reduced. This study aimed to explore the daily living experiences of adults with mild/moderate intellectual disabilities, who are at risk of no longer meeting eligibility criteria for statutory support. Focus group discussions, which included both people with intellectual disabilities and support workers, were analysed thematically. Two broad themes are presented: independence and agency; and social capital and well-being. While some participants echoed ideas central to the personalisation narrative, a number of contextual barriers to achieving greater independence and agency were discussed. Moreover, greater independence was not a desired goal for all participants. The findings highlight the potential mismatch between personalised social care, as delivered within significant budget constraints, and the needs of adults with intellectual disabilities.     

通识教育:西南联大“三常委”办学理念的认同

执校西南联大的梅贻琦、蒋梦麟、张伯苓是否具有通识教育的理念与认同(尤其是张伯苓是否赞成通识教育),是西南联大史研究中的一个命题。西南联大能够实施通识教育,深层次上的主要原因是居于西南联大最高领导层的"三常委"有着通识教育理念的认同。这种认同,集中体现在:"发展个性,完善人格;健强体魄,担当重任;文理兼融,博通为先;团体协作,消除涣散;陶冶情操,提高素养"五个方面。它表明西南联大要培养具有合理的知识结构与能力结构、品行高尚、判断独立、身体素质良好、情趣丰富高雅、勇于承担社会责任的全面发展的人。西南联大人才培养的成就及其学子的成长体悟,充分说明通识教育是高质人才辈出的重要因素。     

大学创新文化与大思政创新课程体系建设初探

本文基于“大学创新文化是大学文化中最重要的文化,是大学不断发展进步的核心推动力;大思政创新课程体系是大学创新文化实践的载体和舞台”的基本观点,阐述了“大学创新文化建设的理论研究与大思政创新课程体系的实践探索之间理论联系实际的必要性;深入开展理论层面研究成果指导应用层面创新课程建设的重大意义;运用大思政创新课程应用层面创新课程设置及课题设计的原则”等相关思考和构想。     

一类新的广义变分包含系统及其迭代算法

在Banach空间中介绍了一类新的广义变分包含系统.利用松弛增生映象及预解算子,证明了该广义变分包含系统解的存在性和唯一性,同时也建立了收敛于该唯一解的迭代算法,并给出相应的迭代收敛定理.     

汕头大学学生通识教育的调查及分析

采用问卷调查的方法,通过对汕头大学本科生对通识教育看法的调查,发现汕头大学通识教育实施的现状是学生虽然不太清楚通识教育的意义,但是要求加强通识教育;希望通识教育课程以选修为主,内容以兴趣、轻松优先;要求进一步改革教学、考试方法。因此建议应向学生说明通识教育的意义,开设适切的通识教育课程,不断改进课程设置、教学及评价方式。     

工科化学教学与科技创新能力的培养

文章论述在工科化学教学过程中,如何通过一些案例来分析说明先建立科学概念的重要性和选题在整个科技创新中的重要地位,强调化学与社会、经济、技术的联系,突出科学思维方法和创新能力的培养。     

“非典”危机反应与危机心理干预

面对突如其来的SARS流行,社会上普遍出现恐慌、焦虑、担忧等心理反应。如何帮助人们调整心态,应对危机,在危机中获得成长,已经成为心理学家当前最关心的课题。文章从心理学的角度出发,探讨了SARS危机下人们出现的身心反应以及危机可能引发的后果,提出了危机干预的方法、过程,初步构建了危机干预的模式。对于如何应对SARS引起的过度的危机反应,文章中也提出了自我心理调适的途径和方法。     

The Best and Worst Times of Life: Narratives and Assessments of Subjective Well-Being by Anamnestic Comparative Self Assessment (ACSA) in the Eastern Cape,South Africa

The Anamnestic Comparative Self Assessment (ACSA) measure of subjective well-being (SWB) aims to reduce the problems of cultural bias and relativity to external standards by allowing people to define the endpoints or ‘anchors’ of the measurement scale. In medical terminology anamnestic denotes ‘based on memory’. The ACSA uses subjects’ memories of the best and worst periods in their lives to define the anchors of the scale. They then assess their current quality of life relative to these personal anchors. The South African pilot study tested the match between self-assessment of SWB with ACSA and the conventional single-item measures of life satisfaction and happiness used in the South African Quality of Life Trends Study and analysed the narratives of the best and worst times of life. The quota sample of 46 consisted of 26 residents of Makana district in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa, and 20 patients undergoing treatment in the local TB hospital. Mean SWB ratings with all three measures of life satisfaction, happiness and ACSA were between 5 and 6 on a 0–10-point scale. Ratings on all three scales were positively correlated. However, on ACSA the TB patients rated their current SWB 1.84 points lower than the community respondents, suggesting a greater sensitivity of this measure. It was observed that the starting points of the life stories produced by respondents to define the anchor periods for ACSA were related to their current assessment of SWB. A typology was developed that combined the starting point of the life stories with current SWB. The majority of community respondents matched the ‘Achiever’ type who scored positively on ACSA (i.e., above the mid-point of the scale) and whose life stories started with the worst period of their lives and proceeded to the best period. The TB patients were the only respondents to represent the ‘Survivor’ type whose morale had recovered after misfortune in life. ‘Survivors’ started their narratives with the best period in their lives, then moved to the worst (often health-related) one, and gave positive ACSA ratings. Based on the qualitative analysis of narratives, it is concluded that ACSA is a sensitive measurement instrument and therefore particularly useful for monitoring the effects of treatments and social interventions in longitudinal studies. However, further research is required to verify its cross-cultural validity.