Combining the Social Relations Model and Behavioral Genetics to Explore the Etiology of Familial Interactions

SUMMARY

This review focuses on the Social Relations Model (SRM) and a genetic extension of this model as one approach for identifying the processes by which genetic factors influence familial exchanges (Kenny & La Voie, 1984). The basic SRM and its ability to decompose dyadic measures of family interaction into actor, partner and dyadic relationship effects is described followed by findings from 3 recent studies. Results indicate that much of familial interaction is in fact relationship specific, and not due to individual-level effects. We also discuss why and how the basic SRM is enriched through the incorporation of genetically sensitive designs and present results that suggest the importance of nonshared environmental contributions for both individual and dyadic level effects. Finally, directions for future family research are proposed including the use of genetically informative designs, the collection of round-robin robin data, and the incorporation of more diverse samples.     

国内转基因报道批评话语分析:语料库语言学视角

通过综合运用语料库语言学与批评话语分析理论,考察国内科学工作者、媒体从业者、转基因领域从业者及公司、普通民众等各方对转基因问题的观点,前三个群体都是主流媒体中的信息生产者,而普通民众则往往只是信息消费者;前三个群体对待转基因的态度基本上是一致支持,且经常相互转述,呼应彼此的言论、观点,普通民众的观点则鲜有引述,即便有也被描述为无知、无主见、易受影响的。     

基于遗传算法的无线传感器网络路径优化

提出使用遗传算法对无线传感器网络进行路径优化,考虑节点能耗和路由恢复时间等实际因素的影响,将这些影响作为路径优化问题的约束条件来处理;考虑各种约束条件和多种目标按照重要性的优先次序,使WSN有更长的寿命;对算法的各个环节进行了细致的分析,包括染色体的表示和编码、适应度函数的设计、遗传操作算子的设计及算法参数的分析和选取。大量的仿真实验证明,使用GA能找到WSN有效的优化路由。     

A genetic algorithm for assembly line balancing

Assembly line balancing is a very important aspect in any mass production setup. However, finding the optimal balance is a very difficult proposition because of the computational complexity involved. Hence sub-optimal solutions are preferred over optimal solutions. In this work, a genetic algorithm (GA) is presented for obtaining good quality solutions for assembly line balancing problems. A major feature of GA is the ability to take care of a variety of objective functions. A modified GA working with two populations, one of which allows infeasible solutions, and exchange of specimens at regular intervals is proposed for handling irregular search spaces. The experimental results obtained with a single population, as well as two populations are encouraging.     

国际法体系下南极生物勘探的法律规制研究

南极生物遗传资源具有极大的经济和应用价值,各国积极开展南极生物勘探活动和激烈的资源争夺。发达国家和发展中国家在南极遗传资源的法律属性、利用与保护等问题上持有不同的政治立场,并展开了激烈的国际争论。国际上并无专门的关于南极生物勘探及其遗传资源的法律文件,现有的国际法律制度对此均有所涉及,但在适用上具有一定的局限性。所以南极生物勘探及其遗传资源相关问题的解决不是一个国际文件就可解决的复杂问题,因此须扩展适用区域制度和公海自由原则,发挥联合国的宏观作用,扩展全球公共利益的范围,广泛应用人类共同遗产原则,并在国际法和南极条约体系的协调和融合下寻求解决的方法。     

四轮式移动机器人非完整运动控制

针对四轮式机器人做非完整运动时系统的非完整性的问题,将四轮式机器人运动规划转化为非线性控制系统的优化问题。提出了对优化变量进行浮点数编码的改进遗传算法,使系统控制精度得到改善。同时将改进的遗传算法采用最优个体保留策略,设计交叉参数和自适应变异参数,确保算法具有良好的收敛性。通过数字仿真实验,证明了该方法的对四轮式机器人非完整运动规划问题具有可操作性。     

BAYESIAN BETA REGRESSION: APPLICATIONS TO HOUSEHOLD EXPENDITURE DATA AND GENETIC DISTANCE BETWEEN FOOT-AND-MOUTH DISEASE VIRUSES

There is considerable interest in understanding how factors such as time and geographic distance between isolates might influence the evolutionary direction of foot‐and‐mouth disease. Genetic differences between viruses can be measured as the proportion of nucleotides that differ for a given sequence or gene. We present a Bayesian hierarchical regression model for the statistical analysis of continuous data with sample space restricted to the interval (0, 1). The data are modelled using beta distributions with means that depend on covariates through a link function. We discuss methodology for: (i) the incorporation of informative prior information into an analysis; (ii) fitting the model using Markov chain Monte Carlo sampling; (iii) model selection using Bayes factors; and (iv) semiparametric beta regression using penalized splines. The model was applied to two different datasets.     

知识库散货船自动配载系统设计

为保障散货船运输的安全,提高散货船配载的质量、效率和可靠性,结合复杂功能合一理论给出了知识库中规则的形式化设计,通过知识库的指导,利用遗传算法,优化装载方案来控制船舶装货时的强度变化。最终使装货过程中产生的剪力、弯矩对强度的影响最小,知识形成统一的数据结构,得到了优化后的装载结果。散装货船的程序装载结果表明,知识库装货船自动配载系统可优化货船货物装载优化。     

板桥油田低电阻率油层成因机制分析

板桥油田东营组—馆陶组低电阻率油层在测井曲线上的响应特征与正常油层有明显的差别，通过对板桥油田地质、粘土矿物分析等，综合研究其低电阻率油层的成因，认为粒度细、泥质含量高、岩石的亲水性是形成低电阻率油层的主要原因。研究区低阻油层岩性以粉砂岩、细砂岩为主，泥质含量较高，较高含量的泥质充填了颗粒的孔隙空间；以孔喉为主的孔隙类型，使自由水在较细的孔喉中无法自由流动产生束缚水；由于粘土矿物的存在，油层的粒间孔隙受到改造，引起孔隙直径变小及微孔隙发育，加之蒙脱石强烈的吸水能力，导致大量水被吸附于颗粒及粘土表面，同时由于较疏松的高岭石的迁移而堵塞孔喉，使部分自由水成为束缚水，造成油层束缚水含量较高。导致低阻油层形成的次要原因是粘土矿物的附加导电作用、较薄的油层厚度及泥浆侵入。