城市岩溶区地铁隧道的溶洞超前探测及处治技术

以正在施工的大连地铁2号线（松江路站～东纬路站）暗挖区间工程为例，介绍了暗挖爆破法穿越富水岩溶区、溶洞发育区域时的施工工序流程和超前地质预报手段。利用地质补勘钻孔、超高密度电法跨孔电阻率CT探测、洞内超前探孔等技术手段详细探明溶洞发育位置、形态，通过洞内与地表相结合的处理方式消除或减小溶洞对暗挖施工的影响。超前地质预报手段与施工工序流程的成功应用，为类似环境下城市地铁施工提供参考及借鉴意义。     

清朝前期(1644-1839)湖南灾荒频仍的社会原因探析

清朝前期虽然政治相对清明，社会稳定，但由于人口增长迅速，对山地和洞庭湖的过度围垦，降低了洞庭湖对洪水的调蓄作用，加之吏治腐败、清初的战乱及奸商囤积居奇、操纵粮价等社会原因，致使湖南地区灾荒频仍，民不聊生。     

试论丁玲小说女性意识的超前性和现代色彩

在众多现代女作家的女性文学创作中,丁玲小说对性爱的理解,对女性命运和人生价值的思索,独特并闪烁出一定的现代色彩。其女性意识的敏锐和深刻,特别是女性意识与社会意识、民族意识的融合,都是超前的,具有穿越时代的意义和价值。     

明末湖州稻作与灾害防治问题——以沈氏《农书》为基础的考察

明末沈氏《农书》乃优秀之作。据该书反映,湖州农民重视水稻生产,积累了灾害防治的丰富技术经验,包括选用良种,冬天藏种,及时垦翻坂田,培育壮秧,深耕稻田,及早清除草害,因时、因地插秧,精心中耕管理,把握烤田要领,合理施肥,保证后期需水,建设圩区水利,灾后补种,分期收割等。如此系统的乡土经验,对稻区社会文明具有重大意义。     

Disaster resilience: what it is and how it can engender a meaningful change in development policy

Disasters pose a growing threat to sustainable development. Disaster risk management efforts have largely failed to arrest the underlying drivers of increased global risk: uncontrolled urbanization and proliferation of assets in hazardous areas. Resilience provides an opportunity to confront the social‐ecological foundations of risk and development; yet it has been vaguely conceptualized, without offering a concrete approach to operationalization. We propose a conceptualization of disaster resilience centred on well‐being: ‘The ability of a system, community or society to pursue its social, ecological and economic development objectives, while managing its disaster risk over time in a mutually reinforcing way.’ We present a conceptual framework for understanding the interconnections between disasters and development, and outline how it is being operationalized in practice.     

Rolling with the shakes: an insight into teenagers’ perceptions of recovery after the Canterbury earthquakes

Natural disasters are harmful worldwide events that inflict multiple psychosocial impacts on disaster-exposed individuals. A significant proportion of affected individuals are teenagers (13–18 years old) who, compared with adults, have been historically overlooked in disaster research. The literature is particularly sparse concerning teenagers’ recovery from natural disasters, specifically what recovery means to them and the contributing factors towards their positive recovery. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to gain deeper insight into this largely unexplored area by conducting five focus groups with teenagers (16–18 years) who experienced at least one of the Canterbury, New Zealand, earthquakes since and including the initial September 2010 earthquake. This study directly asked teenagers about their recovery over the three years after the initial earthquakes, with data being analysed using thematic analysis. Two main themes were identified: (1) perceptions of recovery, with three sub-themes (i) knowledge and being less frightened, (ii) talking about the earthquakes and (iii) shift in perspectives; and (2) contributing factors to recovery, with three sub-themes (i) participation in the community response, (ii) returning to school and (iii) the rebuild of Christchurch. These factors provide insight into how we can better support the recovery process for disaster-exposed teenagers to reduce long-term distress.     

两晋时期民间应对灾害策略

两晋时期,自然灾害频发,广大民众在与自然灾害作斗争的实践中,种植抗灾性能强的作物、改良种植技术以防灾备荒。灾害发生后,宗族救荒、邻里互助、抗灾自救起了相当作用。     

明代徽州官府与宗族的救荒功能

明代徽州的官府和宗族组织在自然灾害背景下发挥出非常有效的社会调控功能。其防灾和救灾措施主要有储粮备荒、蠲税减租、赈济饥民、掩骼埋胔、通商平粜、医疗救助、兴修水利等。     

北魏孝文帝统治时期的赈灾防灾措施

北魏孝文帝统治时期,北方地区自然灾害频发,严重制约着北魏社会经济的发展,且不利于北魏政局的稳定。为了维护统治,孝文帝实施了一系列赈灾防灾措施。这些措施包括开仓赈恤,减免田租;移民就食;问民疾苦,关爱鳏寡孤独者;祈雨;劝课农桑,加大重农力度,实施均田制;建立仓储制度;迁都洛阳;兴修水利等。     

自然灾害对生物多样性的挑战

生物多样性，有利于人的生存和发展，自然灾害就对生物多样性造成影响，同样也对人类提出挑战，是一把双刃剑．