英汉心理活动虚构运动表达的认知研究

文章在Talmy虚构运动理论基础上,分析英汉心理活动虚构运动表达的认知机制和过程。研究发现英汉心理活动虚构运动表达的认知机制是以空间中实体的客观运动事件为源域向以抽象的静止心理表征为目标域的隐喻投射过程。Fauconnier的概念合成理论有助于我们在主观上将静态的“心”整合为运动主体或具体的运动事件。从认识活动、情感活动、意志活动三个方面简要归纳英汉“心”类虚构运动框架,阐释英汉心理活动虚构运动表征的共性和差异。     

Elephant-seal movements: Modelling migration

Elephant seals migrate over vast areas of the eastern North Pacific Ocean between rookeries in southern California and distant northern foraging areas. Several models of particle movement were evaluated and a model for great-circle motion found to give reasonable results for the movement of an adult female. This model takes specific account of the fact that the movement is on the surface of a sphere and that the animal is apparently heading toward a particular destination. The parameters of the motion were estimated. Such a great-circle path of migration may imply that these seals have the ability to assess their position with respect to some global or celestial cues, allowing them to continually adjust their course and achieve the most direct geodesic route between origin and destination of migration. But the navigational mechanism actually used by these seals to accomplish such feats is as yet unknown.     

Bayesian analysis of single-molecule experimental data

Summary.  Recent advances in experimental technologies allow scientists to follow biochemical processes on a single-molecule basis, which provides much richer information about chemical dynamics than traditional ensemble-averaged experiments but also raises many new statistical challenges. The paper provides the first likelihood-based statistical analysis of the single-molecule fluorescence lifetime experiment designed to probe the conformational dynamics of a single deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) hairpin molecule. The conformational change is initially treated as a continuous time two-state Markov chain, which is not observable and must be inferred from changes in photon emissions. This model is further complicated by unobserved molecular Brownian diffusions. Beyond the simple two-state model, a competing model that models the energy barrier between the two states of the DNA hairpin as an Ornstein–Uhlenbeck process has been suggested in the literature. We first derive the likelihood function of the simple two-state model and then generalize the method to handle complications such as unobserved molecular diffusions and the fluctuating energy barrier. The data augmentation technique and Markov chain Monte Carlo methods are developed to sample from the posterior distribution desired. The Bayes factor calculation and posterior estimates of relevant parameters indicate that the fluctuating barrier model fits the data better than the simple two-state model.     

漂移Brown运动的位势核与Martin边界

给出了计算d-维漂移Brown运动的位势核,其中d是奇数,以及位势核的比值极限并刻画漂移Brown运动的位势核的Martin边界.     

Polynomial approximation of nonlinear regression functions

In the present paper a nonlinear regression function is approximated by a polynomial estimator according to the expectation of the quadratic L ²-distance as risk is given. For special experimental designs with repeating experimental points this estimator coincides with the estimator by the method of the reproducing kernel.

Considerations about the relation for the sample size and the degree of the approximation polynomial and about the quadratic mean are given.     

Ruin Probabilities for the Perturbed Compound Poisson Risk Process with Investment

In this article, we consider the perturbed compound Poisson risk process with investment incomes. The risk reserve process is perturbed by an independent Brownian motion and the surplus is invested at a constant force of interest. We investigate the asymptotic behavior of the ruin probability as the initial reserve goes to infinity. Bounds and time-dependent bounds are derived for the ultimate ruin probability and the probabilities of ruin within finite time, respectively. We also obtain an explicit expression for the Laplace transform of the ultimate ruin probability.     

Distribution-free test in Tobit mean regression model

This paper discusses the problem of fitting a parametric model in Tobit mean regression models. The proposed test is based on the supremum of the Khamaladze-type transformation of a partial sum process of calibrated residuals. The asymptotic null distribution of this transformed process is shown to be the same as that of a time-transformed standard Brownian motion. Consistency of this sequence of tests against some fixed alternatives and asymptotic power under some local nonparametric alternatives are also discussed. Simulation studies are conducted to assess the finite sample performance of the proposed test. The power comparison with some existing tests shows some superiority of the proposed test at the chosen alternatives.     

Bayesian inverse problems with heterogeneous variance

We consider inverse problems in Hilbert spaces under correlated Gaussian noise, and use a Bayesian approach to find their regularized solution. We focus on mildly ill-posed inverse problems with fractional noise, using a novel wavelet-based vaguelette–vaguelette approach. It allows us to apply sequence space methods without assuming that all operators are simultaneously diagonalizable. The results are proved for more general bases and covariance operators. Our primary aim is to study posterior contraction rate in such inverse problems over Sobolev classes and compare it to the derived minimax rate. Secondly, we study effect of plugging in a consistent estimator of variances in sequence space on the posterior contraction rate. This result is applied to the problem with error in forward operator. Thirdly, we show that empirical Bayes posterior distribution with a plugged-in maximum marginal likelihood estimator of the prior scale contracts at the optimal rate, adaptively, in the minimax sense.     

翻译中的攻略与补偿

正如GeorgeSteiner在他的《AfterBabel》所说,解释活动、诱发行为和适当的意思转换包括四个步骤:主动期望、进攻、合并和补偿。当译者进行翻译时,他们通常会对原文进行攻击和侵犯,打破原文和译文、源语言和目标语言之间的平衡。但是翻译会给原文带来新的活力并对它起到补充说明的作用。如何实现这种平衡呢?如何在不同的上下文中实现平衡呢?在本文中,作者将通过实例来回答这些问题。     

基于“行动导向”教学法的高职英语课堂评价探析

行动导向教学法的实施包括四个基本阶段:导入→实施→展示学习成果→学习评价。形成性评价是即时及阶段性评价,是着眼于学生的学习和进步的动态过程的评价,具有全面性和针对性。为了激发学生的学习主动性、积极性,保持学生学习的信心,在高职英语课教学中采用形成性评价+终结性评价是一个相当不错的课堂评价模式。