Tabulating weighted sup-norm functionals used in change-point analysis

We introduce a number of weighted partial sum processes of which certain sup-norm functionals may be used, for example, to detect changes in the mean of independent observations. Their limiting distributions are derived mathematically, simulated and then tabulated. With this information, a detailed numerical investigation of the power of these functionals is carried out.* ^*Research mainly done while at Carleton University, partially supported by an NSERC Canada Grant of Miklós Csörg? at Carleton University, Ottawa. Also supported by the Austrian Science Foundation (FWF) under grant SFB#010 (‘Adaptive Information Systems and Modelling in Economics and Management Science’) while at Technische Universität Wien. ? ^?Research partially supported by an NSERC Canada Grant of Miklós Csörg? at Carleton University, Ottawa.      

Structural Nonparametric Cointegrating Regression

Nonparametric estimation of a structural cointegrating regression model is studied. As in the standard linear cointegrating regression model, the regressor and the dependent variable are jointly dependent and contemporaneously correlated. In nonparametric estimation problems, joint dependence is known to be a major complication that affects identification, induces bias in conventional kernel estimates, and frequently leads to ill‐posed inverse problems. In functional cointegrating regressions where the regressor is an integrated or near‐integrated time series, it is shown here that inverse and ill‐posed inverse problems do not arise. Instead, simple nonparametric kernel estimation of a structural nonparametric cointegrating regression is consistent and the limit distribution theory is mixed normal, giving straightforward asymptotics that are useable in practical work. It is further shown that use of augmented regression, as is common in linear cointegration modeling to address endogeneity, does not lead to bias reduction in nonparametric regression, but there is an asymptotic gain in variance reduction. The results provide a convenient basis for inference in structural nonparametric regression with nonstationary time series when there is a single integrated or near‐integrated regressor. The methods may be applied to a range of empirical models where functional estimation of cointegrating relations is required.     

一种基于UMHexagonS的运动估计优化算法

UMHexagonS算法是H.264/AVC所采纳的整像素的快速运动估计算法之一,该算法在保持良好的率失真性能的前提下,相比全搜索算法(FS)可节约70%的运算量。根据UMHexagonS算法的特点,可从三个方面对该算法进行优化:加入零运动块判决;改进的5*5螺旋搜索;优化的多层次六边形搜索。仿真实验结果表明,在保证PSNR和码率几乎不变的情况下,优化算法可有效降低运动估计时间,从而提高H.264/AVC编码器的实时性。     

分数布朗运动下带违约风险的可转换债券定价

应用均衡定价方法,考虑股票价格和公司资产价值服从分数布朗运动以及存在公司违约风险情况下的可转债定价问题;建立相应的可转债定价模型,采用拟鞅定价方法,得出了欧式看涨期权的显式解,进而得出了可转债定价公式;最后利用数值算例进行分析,结论表明公司违约风险、股票价格和公司资产价格的长程关联性是可转债定价时不可忽略的因素。     

A Non‐Parametric Estimator of the Spectral Density of a Continuous‐Time Gaussian Process Observed at Random Times

Abstract. In numerous applications data are observed at random times and an estimated graph of the spectral density may be relevant for characterizing and explaining phenomena. By using a wavelet analysis, one derives a non‐parametric estimator of the spectral density of a Gaussian process with stationary increments (or a stationary Gaussian process) from the observation of one path at random discrete times. For every positive frequency, this estimator is proved to satisfy a central limit theorem with a convergence rate depending on the roughness of the process and the moment of random durations between successive observations. In the case of stationary Gaussian processes, one can compare this estimator with estimators based on the empirical periodogram. Both estimators reach the same optimal rate of convergence, but the estimator based on wavelet analysis converges for a different class of random times. Simulation examples and an application to biological data are also provided.     

Ruin problem of a two-dimensional fractional Brownian motion risk process

This paper investigates ruin probability and ruin time of a two-dimensional fractional Brownian motion risk process. The net loss process of an insurance company is modeled by a fractional Brownian motion. The two-dimensional fractional Brownian motion risk process models the surplus processes of an insurance and a reinsurance company, where the net loss is divided between them in some specified proportions. The ruin problem considered is that of the two-dimensional risk process first entering the negative quadrant, that is, the simultaneous ruin problem. We derive both asymptotics of the ruin probability and approximations of the scaled conditional ruin time as the initial capital tends to infinity.     

运动事件的翻译:语义特征的保留与转换研究——以《红楼梦》诗词英译为例

基于Talmy 的运动事件框架和词汇化模式研究,以杨宪益、戴乃迭和霍克斯的《红楼梦》诗词的译文为例,以方式、结果、路径和物像等特征为着眼点,探讨运动事件翻译过程中的语义特征保留与转换。研究发现,译者采用了不同的原文解析方式,以动词为中心重组译文,突显不同的语义特征,从而使译文的运动事件特征呈现不同的保留度与转换度。     

虚构位移结构的类型学分析

文章以范围延伸路径虚构位移为分析对象,采用Talmy的运动事件为理论框架,从凸像、背衬、位移方式及位移路径等几个方面,在英语语言中对这一语言结构的类型特征研究基础上,分析汉语虚构位移表达的语言特点。文章认为当汉语结构中出现如＂来＂、＂去＂等本身已包括路径信息的趋向动词时,还要利用介词指明位移方向。     

英汉延伸路径虚构运动表达的路径及方式

Matsumoto认为英语虚构运动表达中存在路径条件和方式条件。路径条件表明运动路径的一些特性在表达中必须被体现出来。方式条件表明运动方式的特征不能体现在表达中,除非运动方式用来表明路径特性。通过对汉语的研究发现,汉语虚构运动表达中也存在路径条件,但是方式条件在汉语中却存在一定的局限性,因为表达不能完全排除主体运动方式的体现。研究表明语言现象背后的认知模式具有人类普遍性和基于不同文化的特异性,而认知模式的异同又导致语言表现的多样性。     

辩证法在微积分中的体现

辩证法是科学的世界观和方法论,微积分中则充满了辩证法,体现了辩证法对立统一规律、质量互变规律、否定之否定规律。在微积分的创立和发展中、微积分的基本概念中和微积分的基本思想中,蕴含了丰富的辩证法。了解微积分这一数学工具对于加深理解辩证法思想有现实的帮助,本文试图探析辩证法在微积分中的体现,以期达到更深理解辩证法的目的。