股东的异质性对传统公司治理理论的挑战

公司治理日益成为全球市场经济国家共同面对的问题,在西方发达国家逐渐成为企业理论的一个核心问题。以管理者理论和代理理论为代表的传统公司治理理论虽然成果显著,但却存在一个主要的缺陷：忽略了股东的异质性。传统公司治理理论只关注了所有者和经营者之间存在的利益冲突,而忽略了所有者之间可能的利益冲突。与此相适应,传统公司治理理论只注重对经营者机会主义行为或道德风险行为的研究,而舍弃了对所有者机会主义行为的研究。而在我国的上市公司,因股东异质性导致的股东之间利益冲突表现得非常突出。股东的异质性为不同股东之间的利益冲突提供了分析的平台。     

机构投资者持股与上市公司业绩相关性研究——基于中国上市公司的经验数据

本文用实证研究方法基于中国上市公司2001年到2005年间的经验数据,分析了机构投资者持股与上市公司业绩的关系,发现机构投资者既是"价值发现者"也是"价值创造者",机构投资者对提升公司业绩、改善公司治理等有积极意义,在实证研究的基础上我们针对我国上市公司股权结构和公司治理现状提出了我们的建议。     

从家族企业到企业家族:基于分家的多案例研究

分家经常会导致家族企业被分拆或败落,这使得人们对其存在一定成见,认为分家对于家族企业发展总是负面的。对我国几个具有典型意义的家族企业分家案例的分析表明,家族企业"分家"并不必然导致企业衰亡,尤其在战略创业导向之下,可能通过分家相互构建起战略性的产业联系和竞争合作关系,从而使得家族企业演变成企业家族。从裂变创业视角,更有助于揭示分家对家族企业创业和持续成长的正面价值。     

管理者关系特性对海外子公司知识获取及公司绩效的影响研究

基于组织学习理论和社会资本理论,考察了管理者关系特性对海外子公司内外部网络知识获取和企业绩效的影响。研究结果显示,母子公司管理者之间的信任和沟通频率对获取母公司知识有正向影响,海外子公司管理者和本地重要企业管理者之间的信任对获取本地商务知识有正向影响,海外子公司管理者和本地政府主要负责人之间的私人关系对获取本地制度知识有显著影响。此外,本地制度知识在母公司知识对海外子公司绩效的影响中起正向调节作用,本地商务知识起负向调节作用。     

上市公司高层管理人员监控的有效性研究

政府作为国有企业的出资人和国有产权的代理人,将政府机构控股转移到国有企业控股,并通过法规和准则来加强公司治理,以此来提高对上市公司监控的有效性。由此,使用公司业绩作为上述2项措施发挥监控作用的替代变量,实证分析其对上市公司监控的有效性。研究结果表明,国有企业控股公司比政府机构控股公司更能监控高层管理人员;同时,高层管理人员的变更对公司业绩有较高的敏感性,但公司治理机制并没有对公司高层管理人员变更与公司业绩的敏感性产生重大影响。在我国,上市公司由于业绩欠佳而更换高层管管理人员时,对控股股东的激励比公司治理机制更重要。     

Management of Energy Technology for Sustainability: How to Fund Energy Technology Research and Development

Operations management methods have been applied profitably to a wide range of technology portfolio management problems, but have been slow to be adopted by governments and policy makers. We develop a framework that allows us to apply such techniques to a large and important public policy problem: energy technology R&D portfolio management under climate change. We apply a multi‐model approach, implementing probabilistic data derived from expert elicitations into a novel stochastic programming version of a dynamic integrated assessment model. We note that while the unifying framework we present can be applied to a range of models and data sets, the specific results depend on the data and assumptions used and therefore may not be generalizable. Nevertheless, the results are suggestive, and we find that the optimal technology portfolio for the set of projects considered is fairly robust to different specifications of climate uncertainty, to different policy environments, and to assumptions about the opportunity cost of investing. We also conclude that policy makers would do better to over‐invest in R&D rather than under‐invest. Finally, we show that R&D can play different roles in different types of policy environments, sometimes leading primarily to cost reduction, other times leading to better environmental outcomes.     

Quality Risk Ratings in Global Supply Chains

Extended enterprises face many challenges in managing the product quality of their suppliers. Consequently characterizing the quality risk posed by value‐chain partners has become increasingly important. There have been several recent efforts to develop frameworks for rating the quality risk posed by suppliers. We develop an analytical model to examine the impact of such quality ratings on suppliers, manufacturers, and social welfare. While it might seem that quality ratings would benefit high‐quality suppliers and hurt low‐quality suppliers, we show that this is not always the case. We find that such quality ratings can hurt both types of suppliers or benefit both, depending on the market conditions. We also find that quality ratings do not always benefit the most demanding manufacturers who desire high‐quality suppliers. Finally, we find that social welfare is not always improved by risk ratings. These results suggest that public policy initiatives addressing risk ratings must be carefully considered.     

Two Population-Environment Regimes in the Great Plains of the United States, 1930–1990

This paper analyzes factors that affect net migration rates in counties in the U.S. Great Plains between 1930 and 1990, emphasizing the roles of weather (especially drought), environmental amenities, employment, and population, making use of a rich county-level data set. Using a pooled time series model the paper shows that environment is important in population processes, with weather and agricultural change more important in the 1930s and 1940s, and environmental amenities more important in later time periods. The paper provides important insights into how environmental impacts on migration might change over time, and how those changes might be measured.     

疫情影响下的农业安全与乡村振兴——“第四届农业社会学论坛”观点综述

"第四届农业社会学论坛"于2020年9月26-27日在西北农林科技大学举办。这次论坛主要围绕农业转型的社会基础、农业转型中的农户行为、农业治理中的政府行为、农业农村发展中的环境治理、农业治理中的地权关系等相关议题展开讨论交流以期为疫情影响下的农业安全与乡村振兴提供理论支撑。     

大数据时代农村生态治理的现代化转型

当前,我国农村生态治理已取得长效发展,但也面临着共同体理念淡漠、信任性组织松散、对称性信息堵塞、技术性监管悖论等问题与挑战。农村生态治理数据人才主体缺失、数据监管体系薄弱、政务数据信息传递遗漏、生态技术伦理道德欠缺是造成农村生态治理式微的深层次原因,因此,必须将大数据技术嵌入农村生态治理,提高农村生态治理效能。革新数据治理的顶层设计,完善数据治理的网络机制,重塑数据治理的信息平台,完善数据治理的监管体系,建立生态治理数据决策模式,以实现大数据时代农村生态治理的现代化转型。