Transnational Movement Innovation and Collaboration: Analysis of World Social Forum Networks

In this article we first trace the ideological development and collective framing of the World Social Forum (WSF) as a non-hierarchical gathering for collaboration and networking within the global justice movement. We then analyze the consequences of organizational design, thematic resonance, and technological innovations implemented to produce more open and horizontal collaboration. We do this by conducting two-mode network analysis of organizations that facilitated sessions and workshops during two separate meetings (2003 and 2005) of the WSF in Porto Alegre, Brazil. Our findings indicate that organizational affiliations were less hierarchical in 2005, but we uncover mixed results from analyzing patterns of interaction produced by individual organizations and groups of organizations. Finally, we discuss the implications of such macro-level innovations on the dynamics of multi-organizational fields (collaboration, coalition building, and thematic resonance) and the contributions of such an approach to the study of transnational organizational networks.     

The Crisis of US Monetary Hegemony and Global Economic Adjustment

Over the past decade the world economy has been characterized by escalating global current account imbalances between the United States and East Asian states. This paper argues that US structural power in the global monetary system allowed the consolidation of a finance-led growth regime in the US based on massive capital inflows, asset inflation and consumption growth while inducing East Asian emerging market economies to establish export-led growth regimes. The global credit crisis has clearly uncovered the boundaries of US monetary hegemony, imposing severe adjustment throughout the global political economy. I analyse the political economy of global economic adjustment and argue that the crisis of US monetary hegemony is based domestically on the crisis of the finance-led growth regime and globally on the shortage of global demand. On the basis of an analysis of the impact of the crisis on the models of capitalism of the US, the Eurozone, and China, this paper shows that global demand deficiency will persist in the short to medium term.

Durante la última década, la economía mundial se ha caracterizado por el aumento de los desequilibrios de cuentas corrientes globales entre los Estados Unidos y los estados del Asia oriental. Este artículo sostiene que el poder estructural estadounidense en el sistema monetario global permitió la consolidación de un régimen de crecimiento impulsado por las finanzas en Estados Unidos, en base a las entradas masivas de capital, inflación de los activos y crecimiento de consumo, mientras inducían a las economías de mercado emergente de Asia oriental, a establecer regímenes de crecimiento impulsado por las exportaciones. La crisis de crédito global ha puesto claramente al descubierto los límites de la hegemonía monetaria estadounidense, imponiendo un ajuste severo a través de la economía política global. Analizo la economía política del ajuste económico global y sostengo que la crisis de la hegemonía monetaria estadounidense está basada – domésticamente – en la crisis del crecimiento del régimen impulsado por las finanzas y – globalmente – en la escasez de la demanda global. En base a un análisis del impacto de la crisis en los modelos del capitalismo de los Estados Unidos, la Eurozona y la China, este artículo muestra que la insuficiencia en la demanda global persistirá en el corto y mediano plazo.

过去的十年,世界经济的一个特征一直是不断升高的美国与东亚国家之间的全球经常账户不平衡。本文认为美国在全球货币体系中的结构性权力使得美国基于大规模资本流动、资产膨胀、消费增长的金融业领导的增长机制得到巩固,同时诱使东亚新兴市场经济建立出口领导的增长机制。全球信贷危机已经清楚地揭示了美国金融霸权的范围,这一霸权通过全球政治经济强加严酷的调整。笔者分析全球经济调整的政治经济学,并且认为美国货币霸权的危机在国内是因为金融业领导的增长机制的危机,而在全球（国际）则是因为全球需求的短缺。基于危机对美国、欧元区和中国的资本主义模式的冲击的分析,本文认为,全球需求不足将在近中期持续。

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В прошлое десятилетие мировая экономика была охарактеризована эскалацией глобального дисбаланса текущего счета между государствами Восточной Азии и Соединенными Штатами. В данной статье утверждается, что американские власти, в структуре мировой валютной системы, позволили консолидацию финансово-экономического режима роста в США на основе массивного притока капитала, инфляции активов и роста потребления, вызывая в Восточной Азии, с формирующейся рыночной экономикой, создание экспортно-ориентированного режима роста. Глобальный кредитный кризис ясно показал границы американской валютной гегемонии, вводящей жесткое регулирование во всей глобальной политической экономике. Мы анализируем политическую экономию глобального экономического регулирования и утверждаю, что кризис американской валютной гегемонии базируется внутри страны, на кризисе, ведомом финансированием режима роста и, в глобальном масштабе, на дефиците глобального спроса. На основе анализа влияния кризиса на модели капитализма в США, Еврозоне и Китае, эта работа показывает, что глобальный дефицит спроса будет сохраняться в краткосрочной и среднесрочной перспективе.     

The Interpretative Dimension of Transformative Events: Outrage Management and Collective Action Framing After the 2001 Anti-G8 Summit in Genoa

By focusing on the aftermath of the 2001 G8 counter-summit in Genoa, this paper aims to provide a comprehensive insight into the interpretative dimension of transformative events leading to backfire. First, in line with the existing literature on transformative events, the study shows that after the violent events, Italian authorities employed all possible strategies to inhibit public outrage (i.e., cover-ups of the situation, stigmatizations of targets to legitimate repressive action, reinterpretations of police violence as different from direct attacks, presence of authoritative assessments and intimidation of participants and witnesses). Second, a multidimensional scaling of symbolic devices from 70 social forum websites shows that after 2001, Italian social movement actors used the narrative of the Genoa events in deliberative (i.e., bridging, extension) or negotiating (i.e., punctuation, articulation) framing processes to build new collective action frames.     

Looking Beyond Spring for the Season: An African Perspective on the World Order after the Arab Revolt

There is much misunderstanding today about the decision of African countries not to endorse the military intervention in Libya undertaken by France, Great Britain, and the United States in conjunction with a few Arab States. This act of non-cooperation is the result of a tension that is much deeper and, contrary to punditry, goes to the core of the future of global governance and international morality today. This tension arises from two clashing positions: (1) the tendency of a fraction of states frequently self-designated as the West to usurp the mantle of international community, and (2) the longstanding objection from ‘Africa’ that the will of the international community may be appropriated by a small fractions of its constituents, however powerful. The underlying opposition extends today to all domains of international law, from the inception of law (in this case UN resolutions), to its interpretation and implementation, to the appreciation of its execution, or judgment.

Hoy día hay un fuerte malentendido sobre la decisión de los países africanos de no apoyar a la intervención militar en Libia emprendida por Francia, Gran Bretaña y los Estados Unidos en conjunción con algunos estados árabes. Este acto de no cooperación es el resultado de una tensión que es más profunda, y contraria al pronóstico de los llamados expertos, que va al núcleo del futuro del gobierno global y la ética internacional actual. Esta tensión proviene de dos posiciones conflictivas: (1) la tendencia de una fracción de estados autodesignados frecuentemente como el occidente que usurpa la capa de la comunidad internacional, y (2) la perdurable objeción de ”África” a que la voluntad de la comunidad internacional pueda ser destinada a pequeñas fracciones de sus constituyentes, aún poderosas. La oposición subyacente se extiende hoy en día a todos los dominios de la ley internacional, desde el comienzo de la ley (en este caso, las resoluciones de las Naciones Unidas).

今天,对于非洲国家不同意法、英、美联手一些阿拉伯国家对利比亚进行军事干预的决定,仍然存在很大误解。这种不合作行为是一种紧张状态的结果,与专家意见相反,这种紧张正成为未来全球治理以及今日国际道德的核心。它产生于两种相互冲突的立场：(1)一部分惯常自命为西方的国家侵害国际共同体外表的倾向;（2）“非洲”长期存在的反对： 国际共同体的意志有可能被一小部分成员（不管多强大）所盗用。今天,潜在的反对正从法律（本例中即联合国决议）的开端延伸到国际法的所有领域。     

Global Development in the Anthropocene

Abstract

In this brief essay I will address a few key concepts, and make an argument concerning how I think they relate to one another, and how their combination will affect the future of our understanding and practices of Development. The principal concepts I will discuss are Global History and Global Crises, Global Development, Sustainable Development, and The Anthropocene.     

The causes of terrorism

Abstract

Terrorist attacks on 11 September 2001 and after intensified concerns about a global Jihad and other forms of terrorism, and renewed calls to better understand its causes or roots. There have been divergent views on this question, and terrorism has been argued to be caused by increased poverty, rapid urbanization, declining traditional authority, globalization, and so forth. These differences, reflecting philosophical, religious, political and other differences, are not merely academic; they can affect our understanding of both the threat and of responses to terrorism. This article provides an analytic framework for understanding the limits to understanding the causes of terrorism, identifying what can be known about causation and assessing counterterrorism implications.     

中国企业国际化模式分析与政策建议

中国企业在国际化进程中表现出了双重国际化模式,即传统的生产国际化和新兴的资本国际化。前者包括自有产品与技术的直接出口企业、对外合资或独资的企业和开展跨国并购的企业;后者包括境外上市的中国企业、境内上市外资股的公司和其他具有外资股的中国境内企业。中国企业应结合业务特征和产品市场结构,寻求符合企业发展战略的国际化模式。一方面,积极扩大产品的海外市场,特别是开辟具有增长潜力的新兴经济体市场,追寻全球生产链中的最佳位置;另一方面,引进战略机构投资者或寻求境外上市,加快企业内部重组与机制创新。     

2012年世界经济走势及其对策

受2011年世界经济发展不稳定和突发性因素明显增多的影响,2012年世界经济走势趋于复杂化。2012年欧盟经济可能陷于衰退,世界经济呈低速增长态势;国际贸易摩擦可能加剧,国际经济协调难度加大,欧美再工业化与战略性新兴产业发展将改变全球产业格局;国际金融市场和国际大宗商品价格震荡可能加剧。据此,本文从扩大内需、加快涉外经济体制改革、调整经济结构、完善国内金融市场体系等四个方面提出了中国经济发展的对策。     

视野与情怀——全球化视域下中外大片的叙事空间与话语形态比较

从全球化视域出发,大片叙事具有开阔的空间跨度和跨文化交流的话语特征,最能够代表和体现一国电影生产的规模、话语形态的特色和文化传播的影响力。近年来,一些国外引进大片的上佳表现,充分证明了大片叙事的文化与艺术魅力。与之相较,中国式大片则缺乏作为全球大片的底蕴和经验。在故事题材的选择与讲述、话语形态的建构与组织、话语策略的安排和运用上都存在着一些不足。尤其在叙事空间视野的开拓上,尚缺少一种全球化眼光和话语策略以及立足当下、面向未来的艺术想象力。用发展的眼光看,中国式大片要成长为具有世界影响力的电影,需要在加强话语形态建构的全球化定位和深化影片故事讲述的普遍价值意义上下功夫。大片要在艺术情怀的追求上着眼于世界文化格局,致力于民族文化特色与世界各民族文化需求的融会贯通。     

作为“普遍的善”而存在的全球伦理

在人类社会发展面临越来越多的全球性问题的今天,基于道德哲学层面的全球伦理研究无疑提供了一个新的视角.全球伦理是一种手段、一种工具,更是作为“普遍的善”而存在的理想目标,它在“良知”、“责任”、“公正”三个方面表现出来的价值诉求诠释了它丰富的伦理内涵,而通过从实现个体的自由到建立一种善治的社会将能够实现作为“普遍的善”而存在的全球伦理.