Societal Metabolism and Multiple-Scale Integrated Assessment: Empirical Validation and Examples of Application

This paper presents empirical data to validate two points. (1) An integrated analysis of societal metabolism bridges an economic view of changes in socioeconomic systems with a biophysical representation of them. To obtain this check, it compares a biophysical indicator of development BEP with 24 traditional indicators of material economic development. The comparison covers a sample of 107 countries of the world, comprising more than 90% of the total world population (year 1993). (2) The concept of societal metabolism is useful to make biophysical analysts aware of constraints implied by economic viability and to make economic analysts aware of constraints implied by biophysical viability. To prove this point three practical examples of misunderstanding in the field of sustainability analysis are discussed.     

马克思的物质变换概念及其当代意义

马克思的物质变换概念来自与他同时代的德国化学家尤·冯·李比希 (J.V .LieBig)。马克思主要在三种场合使用这一概念 :自然界、人与自然界关系、人类社会。与这一概念相关的其它概念有生命、劳动、商品交换、裂缝等。揭示和发展马克思的物质变换概念有助于我们发展唯物史观 ,从而帮助我们更深刻地理解马克思理论的当代意义 ;有助于我们寻求解决当今人类面临的人与自然界之间冲突和人类社会内部发展困境的途径     

马克思生态思想的循环经济引申

马克思生态思想最值得推崇的就是把人与自然的关系和人与人的关系联系起来加以考虑并解决。在马克思看来,人类劳动就是实现人与自然的物质变换(循环)过程,但是,资本主义生产却导致了"无法弥补的裂缝",这些问题也正是以后愈演愈烈的全球环境危机之实质所在。要解决这种危机,就必须进行社会性的生产方式及生活方式变革,合理地调节人和自然之间的物质变换。这对于我们今天倡导的循环经济有着重要的启示意义。     

诺和锐30与诺和灵30治疗老年2型糖尿病对照观察

目的观察老年2型糖尿病（T2DM）患者口服降糖药血糖控制不佳时分别采用诺和锐30与诺和灵30联合治疗的临床疗效。方法61例口服降糖药物控制不佳（糖化血红蛋白〉7%）的老年糖尿病患者,随机分成2组,分别联合诺和锐30或诺和灵30治疗,疗程为12周,观察患者用药后空腹血糖（FBG）、餐后2小时血糖（2hPBG）和糖化血红蛋白（HbAlc）的变化及安全性。结果经联合治疗后,两组老年T2DM患者血糖控制均有显著改善,诺和锐30组较诺和灵30组血糖控制更好、胰岛素用量更少、低血糖发生率更低。结论口服降糖药控制不佳的老年T2DM患者,加用诺和锐30较诺和灵30可以更有效且安全地控制血糖。     

“物质变换”与社会主义现代化建设——一个历史唯物主义的考察

在已有探讨和研究的基础上,文章结合马克思的文本、思想以及社会现实生活,从哲学分析和政治经济学批判相结合的角度,遵循历史唯物主义的基本精神,比较全面深入地分析了马克思的“物质变换”思想：自然的“物质变换”、劳动作为人与自然之间的“物质变换”过程、物质生产实践和现实社会生活中的“普遍的社会物质变换”。同时文章还深入分析了“物质变换”思想对社会主义现代化建设的借鉴意义,力图较为深入地发掘这一思想的理论和现实意义。     

Urban transition toward food sovereignty

In cities throughout the world, people are taking steps to develop just, sustainable alternatives to the dominant food system. These initiatives pose questions which, to be answered, require new theoretical approaches. This study makes use of Marx's concepts of ‘social metabolism’ and ‘metabolic rift’, as well as Altvater's analysis of forms of capitalist appropriation, in order to understand how current society-nature relationships have given way to a socioeconomic spatial order which makes it difficult to develop just, sustainable food systems. From this theoretical framework, we identify and analyse some key aspects of the urban transition toward food sovereignty.     

The capitalist metabolism: an unachieved subsumption of life under the value-form

Abstract

This article views capitalism not only as a mode of production, but also as a mediation of the reproduction of life (human and non-human), following the concept of ‘social metabolism’ that Marx employs to analyze the interaction between the individuals composing a society and their natural environment. Insofar as the ‘value-form’ is the distinctive social relation of capitalism, it appears necessary to ask whether the metabolic process of reproduction can be fully subsumed under this form. Marx takes for granted the idea that the reproduction of labor-power consists only in the consumption of commodities resulting from abstract labor, thus omitting the appropriation of unpaid domestic work, mostly performed by women. Feminist criticism clarifies how capitalism always depends on some reproductive work being appropriated for the accumulation of surplus-value without being integrated in the value-form. Following Jason W. Moore, I attempt to indicate that the same logic is at work for the reproduction of non-human life under the capitalist value-form, thus contradicting the sustainable reproduction of its own natural conditions. These two limitations of the capitalist subsumption of life open a new space for an expanded critique of capitalism, which goes beyond the exploitation of waged work by reflecting upon the concerns of feminist and ecological struggles.     

基于新陈代谢GM（1，1）模型的重庆市人口老龄化预测研究

重庆市老龄化率居全国之首,老年人口数继续呈上升趋势,解决养老问题,发展养老产业势在必行。文章对重庆市65岁及以上老年人口数进行预测,通过GM（1,1）基础模型和新陈代谢GM（1,1）模型,在充分考虑扰动因素和驱动因素等新信息影响的基础上,借助Matlab软件编程计算和检验,对重庆市2015～2020年65岁及以上老年人口进行预测。预测结果表明：2015～2020年间重庆市65岁及以上老年人口数不断增长,2020年将突破400万人,说明重庆未来养老形势异常严峻,并对此针对性提出对策建议。模型精度检验表明模型精度为一级,模型预测结果可靠性高、可信度强,模型适合人口中长期预测。     

马克思主义生态环境思想与发展生物经济

马克思主义揭示了人与自然相互统一的辩证思想,确立了科学的自然观,为当代中国解决生态环境问题奠定了方法论的基础。在马克思主义生态环境思想的指导下,我国正在正确处理经济建设和人口、资源、环境的关系,树立生态文明的新理念,发展生物经济,保持我国经济的可持续发展。