农村宅基地流转中政府定位研究——基于利益相关者博弈分析

分析了宅基地流转中政府与农户、村集体及用地企业利益相关者的关系,运用博弈模型研究了政府在宅基地流转中的角色定位。研究结果表明由于各个利益方目标函数不一致,因此地方政府在宅基地的流转规划中应尽量顾及到农户、村集体和用地企业的利益,从而使宅基地流转可以有效进行下去,并提出政府应通过制定合理的税收制度、发挥监管作用及搭建流转平台等形式来参与流转。     

“十三五”时期中国民用航空产业发展困境与对策

“十二五”时期,中国民用航空产业飞速发展的同时,也伴随着诸如融合发展不够、园区建设缺乏统一规划、助推经济社会发展能力有待提升,国内有效供给不足等现实问题。“十三五”时期,民用航空产业的大发展,必须坚持在政府主导下通过构建大型企业集团、加大军民融合发展力度、有效配置资源、促使民用航空产业提高有效供给、满足国内日益增长的庞大需求,从而实现提质增效、结构优化、转型升级和融合发展。     

浅析抗日时期国民政府的西北农业贷款之作用

抗日时期,由于东部省份的不断沦陷,迫于军粮民食的巨大压力,国民政府在对西北农业开发问题上投入了相当的关注,尤其是在发放农业贷款支持农业生产方面做了大量的工作。抗日时期国民政府对西北农业贷款的主要政策有对农村金融的重视及农贷政策的制订;农业金融网络的建立;农贷的有力执行。     

北洋政府时期京师警察厅的妇女救助——以济良所和妇女习工厂为例

京师警察厅是北洋政府时期北京城的官方治安管理机构,它除了基本的治安警务工作以外,还广泛参与慈善救助工作。中华民国成立后,北京城的慈善救助活动几乎全部由政府接管,其中,大部分的慈善救助机构由京师警察厅负责。京师警察厅作为北京城最重要的官方救助机构,对于贫民女性这一弱势群体进行了慈善救助,其辖属的济良所和妇女习工厂对收容和教养贫困妇女作了多方面的工作。     

政府双重干预下基于渠道商价格欺诈的农产品交易演化博弈模型

个体小规模、分散式的生产方式以及信息不对称的经营环境,导致了我国农户在农产品供应体系中的弱势地位,政府通常采用保护价收购和价格补贴等行政干预手段保护农民利益。论文构建了信息不对称条件下,考虑渠道商价格欺诈的农户、渠道商以及政府的三方演化博弈模型,分析了政府“惩罚”+“保护价收购”双重干预下的博弈演化过程及稳定策略,探讨了政府监管的边界问题,并应用实例进行了验证。研究结果表明：政府监管的概率与选择“欺诈”策略的渠道商规模和选择“销售”策略的农户规模相关;渠道商选择“欺诈”策略的概率随农产品交易规模的增大而提高,随罚金额度的增加而下降;政府的保护价收购政策不一定能保证积极的效果,不合理的折价系数可能破坏现有的市场秩序。说明了合理、适度的市场监管对于维护农产品交易市场秩序具有重要意义。     

A Study on the Compensation Gap among Executives at Chinese Enterprises*

Based on data for 2005 to 2012, an analysis of the compensation gap between top executives at different Chinese listed companies reveals the following conclusions. (1) The large compensation gap existing among executives at listed Chinese companies—in some years even larger than that between rank-and-file employees—is mainly caused by the exorbitant executive compensation at a minority of companies. (2) Between 2005 and 2012, the compensation gap first widened dramatically and then diminished gradually. The leading factor in this fluctuation was the drastic rise and fall in the level of executive compensation at a handful of financial enterprises. The main reason for the narrowing of the compensation gap is central government regulation, which has helped to curb the excessive growth of executive compensation in society as a whole. (3) Even in the same round of fluctuation, state-owned listed companies differ markedly from non-state-owned listed companies in the way their executive compensation is decided. (4) State-owned listed companies’ executive compensation strategies and their internal governance structure have not played their due role in moderating the overly rapid growth of their executives’ compensation or in reducing the compensation gap.     

从市场治理到自主治理：公共资源治理理论研究回顾与展望

公共资源由于其非排他性和竞争性的特征经常面临“公地悲剧”的威胁。针对如何对公共资源实行有效治理来避免“公地悲剧”的问题,市场治理强调对公共资源进行私有化和界定清晰的产权,从而避免“搭便车”的问题。政府规制侧重对公共资源进行国有化来解决市场失灵的问题。自主治理突破了过去理论中“市场—政府”二分的思维,强调依靠资源占用者的自发行动和制度构建来避免公共资源的过度开发和利用,开辟了公共资源治理新的路径。在未来的研究中,自主治理理论可以继续从拓展理论深度、扩宽应用范围和创新政策实践三个角度来丰富公共资源治理的理论和实践。     

The Medicare Assignment Controversy

The conflict between the elderly and organized medicine over "mandatory assignment" and "balance billing" is a significant public policy issue. Considerable ideological importance has been attached to this conflict by both sides, despite the relatively modest proportion of total revenue for physician services received through balance billing in payment for care of Medicare beneficiaries. The positions of these two coalitions are examined as well as the effort of the Physician Payment Review Commission (PPRC) to craft a public policy response. Three alternative resolutions-those adopted by Congress in 1989 on the recommendation of the PPRC, the Canadian solution, and actions taken on a state level-are then contrasted. The concentrated impact on the elderly of balance billing practices is considered as a problem, especially for elderly of limited income and resources. Justification of the practice is typically provided by the profession on thc ideological grounds of preservation of professional autonomy rather than economic gain, which also reflects the current relatively limited use of balance billing; a significant majority of all claims submitted in the United States are now assigned to physicians. A continuation of the gradualist strategy of the PPRC is endorsed as thc most appropriate short-range solution to these problems, which diminish in significance with a more comprehensive national health financing scheme.     

第三次分配发展的正式制度缺失与构建——以共同富裕为视角

第三次分配的发展对解决当前收入差距问题,实现共同富裕目标具有必要性和可行性;我国以共同富裕为目标的第三次分配发展缓慢,没有发挥弥补“市场失灵”、“政府失灵”的应有作用,其原因主要为缺失国家政策上的支持,缺乏宏观和微观法制环境的支撑以及监督机制的约束;促进第三次分配的快速发展需要有针对性地从政策、法制和监督机制等方面构建相关的正式制度.     

政府食品监管职能缺失的体制分析及其治理策略——基于整体性治理的视角

食品安全监管体制沿革表现出了"破碎化"的监管职能,这与社会结构转型、制度变迁和政府机构变革紧密地联系在一起。通过整体性治理理论为解释框架,分析政府食品安全监管职能缺失原因,制度化政府内部及部门之间的跨界合作,把社会多元治理力量纳入到协作的制度内,建构政府内部之间、部门之间及社会监管主体之间的协作网络结构,这是对公共行政适应社会改革发展的回应。