可持续生计视角下"参与式"反贫困路径探索

中国扶贫实践中出现的"贫困户生计能力提升不足"倾向源于可持续生计框架与现代贫困观念之间的冲突,而"社会参与"则为解决冲突提供了一种可能。2020年后,面对新的贫困现象和贫困结构,"参与式"反贫困理念能够通过社会参与链接可持续生计框架和现代贫困观念,在贫困治理过程中充分体现贫困者的参与性,形成主体意识和责任意识,提升个体或家庭改善生计系统的能力,使其摆脱困境、规避陷入贫困的风险,进而形成权利-义务相平衡、对城市和农村具有包容性、常态化、可持续的贫困治理策略,使全体社会成员实现不虞匮乏的生活。     

政府:一个公正社会不可或缺的角色——关于政府再分配职能正当性的思考

建立一个公正的社会是人类的理想。在实现这一理想的过程中,政府承担着重要的责任。一个优良的政府不仅是善治的政府,而且也必须是能够维系社会公正的政府。政府的再分配职能,不仅能够为公民身份具有实质意义创造各种条件,而且也能延缓或减少自然秩序中的不平等因素与偶然性因素对人类命运的影响,改善政治共同体公民之间的关系,建构合理的政治秩序;不仅有助于改善社会弱势群体的生活境遇,而且也有助于提升社会整体的生活质量,实现社会成员低成本地和谐共处。政府再分配职能的正当性,体现在它力图构建一个公正社会的良善意图与行动之中,它为公民有尊严地生活提供了可能性,也超越了市场形式正义与丛林法则,减少了政治不作为可能带来的改变社会结构的暴力行动。政府以实现社会公正为目的的再分配行为,决不像新古典自由主义者所主张的那样必然使人类通往奴役之路,恰恰相反,它是迈向和谐社会的重要保证。     

大数据驱动下的影视文本创作 和生产模式变革

大数据正以其对规律和趋势的分析预测功能,对人们生活和影视内容生产产生日益深刻的影响。数据化思维是贯穿当下影视生产创作的重要思维形态,延承的正是传统数据化思维的基本认知过程。大数据驱动下的互动参与生产模式主要体现在,借助于受众行为数据分析,可以对导演、故事、表演、影像、剪辑和声音等影视元素进行选择,并在此基础上进行生产或再生产。这些将推动影视内容生产在技术和观念上不断变革。     

Community-based arts research for people with learning disabilities: challenging misconceptions about learning disabilities

This article presents some of the community-based artwork of a group of men with learning disabilities, who aimed to challenge some of the misconceptions associated with learning disabilities. People with learning disabilities regularly face many forms of direct and indirect stigma. The consequences of such negative perceptions may affect individuals’ social relationships and ensure that barriers are strengthened which prevent their full inclusion. The men in this project used a series of visual and creative methods to challenge some of these misconceptions by telling stories through art, demonstrating skill through photography, using poetry to talk about sexual identity and improvising drama and filmmaking to challenge stigma, and through sculpture expressed their voices. Thus, by doing so, they were able to challenge some of the stigma associated with learning disabilities, indicating that community-based arts research is a valuable way in which to promote the voices of people with learning disabilities.     

Level of choice in older women’s decisions to retire or continue working and associated well-being

Retirement is a complex life transition. Women’s retirement, like their work lives, may be further complicated, for example, by family or financial obligations; they may feel forced to retire or to continue working or feel they have the choice to do so. This study examines the role of voluntary versus involuntary retirement or continued work participation among retirement-age women; specifically, the relationships between choice, work status, and well-being. Compared to women forced to retire, women who chose retirement or continuing to work had higher levels of life satisfaction. Findings highlight the importance of examining retirement within the life course context.     

Participatory shaping of community futures in e‐waste processing hubs: Complexity,conflict and stewarded convergence in a Palestinian context

This article describes an unconventional participatory development approach carried out in an informal e‐waste hub in South‐West Hebron, an area that has collected and processed the bulk of Israeli e‐waste for over a decade. Our approach contributes to the critique and recovery of community representation in participatory development and the search for ways to facilitate representative community engagement. Specifically, we describe our use of a novel Delphi‐like method that allowed us to facilitate a broadly endorsed development trajectory within a heterogeneous and conflicted community. We show how the results yielded by this approach diverged from those that were likely to emerge from more facile forms of participation in ways that are important for other similar e‐waste hubs internationally, which face a destructive status quo on the one hand, or the economically ruinous international policies that ban e‐waste trade from “developed” to “developing” countries on the other. Despite real tensions and cleavages within the affected communities, the process described facilitated a shift from deadlocked environmental versus livelihood positions towards building capacity and regulating existing informal e‐waste trades to preserve livelihoods dependent on these.     

两种理论视野下的西欧穆斯林政治参与问题探析

20世纪60年代以来,穆斯林已经成为西欧社会不容忽视的现实存在,但是在政治参与方面,穆斯林远未能有效参与西欧各国的政治进程。穆斯林人口在种族、经济地位等方面的多样性是其有效参与政治的内在障碍。从资源动员理论和政治机会结构理论的分析可以发现,穆斯林对公民权、政治精英、参政渠道等政治资源的占有不足,加之欧洲殖民心理遗产的影响、欧洲的世俗化政策、伊斯兰恐惧症、外部穆斯林世界的影响等多种因素,共同构成了影响穆斯林广泛参与西欧政治生活的重要原因。     

我国地方政府创新行为的制度分析

政府创新对于推动政府职能转变、维系政府的政治合法性具有非常重要的意义.地方政府的创新行为由于其自身的特点需要单独进行分析,其创新的原因在于激励和压力双重外力下的制度变迁,由于交易成本较低的自身特点使其具有创新的优势.而由于路径依赖因素的影响,创新过程中存在着诸多障碍.创新的模式可区分为诱致性变迁和强制性变迁两种方式,创新过程中由于经济人的特点容易出现异化的效应,而效果则应该结合政治、经济及社会三方面的因素综合予以考证.     

论政府对会计监管的必要性、缺陷和效果

政府会计监管对纠正市场失灵、重新配置社会经济资源和调节经济运行有显著效果。同时 ,也存在严重缺陷 ,其表现为 :政府垄断会计规范制定权导致政府行为低效率 ;政府监管目标多元化导致政府角色冲突 ;政府会计监管部门行动不协调导致会计监管效率下降。政府会计监管要适度 ,监管不足和监管过度都是监管效果低下的表现。我国会计监管的现状是监管不足和监管过度两者并存     

专家参与危机管理中的信任失灵与策略转换

公众科学知识素养的缺乏,社会功能的分工及科技民主价值观念的形成,决定了专家参与危机管理的必要性。中国危机管理面临着突出的专家信任失灵问题。公众对专家知识期望的理想化、专家自身知识的价值偏向、专家参与机制有效性无法保证、信息公开透明度不够等,从知识论层面与现实层面构成了信任失灵的根源。构建专家信息库、提高言论被“收买”的风险成本、完善良好的沟通机制是重获专家信任权威的有效策略。