关于对外汉语词汇教学的几点思考

汉语词汇教学是近年来对外汉语教学界关注的热点问题.通过分析对外汉语教学的有关理论和统计资料可以得出如下结论:严格区分词频、义频,控制词汇量,引导留学生运用词汇网络记忆和积累词汇,提高生词的重现率,结合语境进行教学,加深学生的记忆,这些都是对外汉语词汇教学有效的方法.     

分级诊疗背景下考虑病人选择行为的差异化定价

在我国医疗卫生资源并不充沛的现状下,为了解决“看病难”“看病贵”等问题,政府一直在积极探索医疗改革的方向。同时,随着人民生活水平的提高,影响病人就医选择的不仅有价格,也有医疗质量、就医体验等其他因素。此时,差异化定价——包括医事服务费的分层定价和差异化医保报销政策推动下的分级诊疗被认为是能够有效解决这些问题的渠道。通过考虑病人选择行为,研究我国分级诊疗背景下的差异化定价问题,分析分级诊疗下病人的转诊情况、病人收益、医院收益、政府支出。差异化定价可以有效影响病人到基层医院还是大医院就诊的选择,并且通过调整定价策略,政府可以探索出一条帕累托改进的路径——在各方收益都不受损的情况下,实现医疗资源的合理配置。     

普通工科院校大学物理实验教学的改革与创新

普通工科院校应以培养工程应用型本科人才为主要目标,实践教学在工程应用型本科人才的培养体系中占有重要地位。大学物理实验教学是本科实践教学的开端,对培养学生的动手能力和科技创新能力具有不可替代的作用。探讨了普通工科院校大学物理实验课程的教学内容、教学方法和管理体系的改革模式,总结了实验室层次开放和建立新的实验考核制度的经验。     

职业分层的方法论及其功能

职业分层不仅在理论上而且在实证上与社会分层之间具有原生与派生的逻辑关系。当代国际社会分层研究对其基本研究单元一职业分层的研究可以分为两种基本理论构架和方法路径:理论分类分析和经验分级分析。分类与分级实质上是分层领域的理论核心问题和矛盾的难题。上述两种分层理论和分析路径的综合将有助于对职业分层和社会分层的全面研究。     

Coming of age in African American English: A longitudinal study1

This study examines trajectories of development in the use of African American English (AAE) for 32 speakers through the first 17 years of their lives based on a unique, longitudinal database. Temporal data points in the analysis include 48 months, Grade 1 (about age 6), Grade 4 (about age 9), Grade 6 (about age 11), Grade 8 (about age 13), and Grade 10 (about age 15). Complementary methods of analysis for assessing AAE include a token‐based Dialect Density Measure (DDM), a type‐based vernacular diversity index, and frequency‐based variation analysis. The study reveals different trajectories and peak periods for the use of AAE, including a ‘roller coaster’ and a curvilinear trajectory; at the same time, there is a common dip among speakers in the overall use of vernacular AAE from Grade 1 through Grade 4. Examination of a selective set of demographic and self‐regard measures shows no significant differences for gender, school racial density, racial peer contacts, and measures of Afro‐centrality, but does show a significant correlation between mothers’ and child use of AAE as well as age/grade.     

日本文化与日本的“普通国家化”

“普通国家化”是冷战结束后日本政治变化的主题。“普通国家”的深层内核是对“自主性”、“平等化”与“大国化”的追求。这一战略目标与目标实现手段的确定深受对等级制度的追求、集团主义文化意识与危机意识等日本文化特点的影响。对日本“普通国家化”前景的预测必须考虑日本文化的特点。     

普通话水平测试中“级”的界定

普通话水平测试中 ,测试员首先必须对“级”间的界限 ,特别是对关键“级”间的界限有较明确的认识。二级临界状态应试人的静态语音面貌难分优劣 ,决定其能否进入二级的关键因素是应试人在语流中语音面貌的优劣 ;主观评级起着相当大的潜在作用 ;应试人的非普通话因素对定级也有一定的影响     

Diagnostics of age‐graded linguistic behaviour: The case of the quotative system1

This article presents a cross‐variety investigation of quotatives be like and go in apparent and real time. Distributional and attitudinal evidence points to a change in progress as the underlying process for the distribution of be like. However, there is also evidence of life‐span change (Sankoff to appear). The patterning of go across age is much less clear‐cut. It could be interpreted as age grading or as a change in progress. This paper discusses seemingly contradictory findings from U.S. and British English. It will be suggested that the distribution of go is due to unstable behaviour at both the individual and the community level. Furthermore, there is evidence that go has a latent presence in the linguistic repertoire and was picked up again after its frequency dipped due to the introduction of be like. This finding ties in with other reported cases of recycling of variables ( Dubois and Horvath 1999 ).     

高职商务英语口语测试评分标准初探

评分方法是口语测试中的一个重要环节,也是比较棘手的一个环节。评分方法的有效性与客观性直接决定了口语测试的成败。现针对湖南高职商务英语专业口语评分标准的制定的初步想法及其理论依据。     

用扫描仪实现阅卷系统的方法

提出了一种利用扫描仪来阅读试卷 ,通过编写的阅卷程序来自动评改试卷的方法 .文中附出了一个较简单的评卷程序